Noninvasive Deep Brain Stimulation via Temporally Interfering Electric Fields
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1-s2.0-S0092867417305846-main.pdf
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Checksum (MD5)
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Author(s)
Rudenko, Andrii
Cassara, Antonino M.
Neufeld, Esra
Kuster, Niels
Pascual-Leone, Alvaro
Grossman, Nir
Bono, David C
Dedic, Nina
Kodandaramaiah, Suhasa Bangalore
Suk, Ho-Jun
Date Issued
June 2017
Journal
Cell
Publisher
Elsevier
Citation
Grossman, Nir et al. “Noninvasive Deep Brain Stimulation via Temporally Interfering Electric Fields.” Cell 169, 6 (June 2017): 1029–1041 © 2017 Elsevier Inc
Version
Final published version
Abstract
We report a noninvasive strategy for electrically stimulating neurons at depth. By delivering to the brain multiple electric fields at frequencies too high to recruit neural firing, but which differ by a frequency within the dynamic range of neural firing, we can electrically stimulate neurons throughout a region where interference between the multiple fields results in a prominent electric field envelope modulated at the difference frequency. We validated this temporal interference (TI) concept via modeling and physics experiments, and verified that neurons in the living mouse brain could follow the electric field envelope. We demonstrate the utility of TI stimulation by stimulating neurons in the hippocampus of living mice without recruiting neurons of the overlying cortex. Finally, we show that by altering the currents delivered to a set of immobile electrodes, we can steerably evoke different motor patterns in living mice.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Media Laboratory
McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT
Picower Institute for Learning and Memory
Terms of Use
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Persistent DSpace Link
DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.024
