Rational Design of a Chemical Bath Deposition Based Tin Oxide Electron‐Transport Layer for Perovskite Photovoltaics
Name
Advanced Materials - 2023 - Lu - Rational Design of a Chemical Bath Deposition Based Tin Oxide Electron‐Transport Layer for.pdf
Description
Published version
Size
2.2 MB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum (MD5)
e03d8bd59832b3fb9b2267f6513f82d3
Author(s)
Lu, Yongli
Shih, Meng‐Chen
Tan, Shaun
Grotevent, Matthias J
Wang, Lili
Zhu, Hua
Zhang, Ruiqi
Lee, Joo‐Hong
Lee, Jin‐Wook
Bulović, Vladimir
Date Issued
July 18, 2023
Journal
Advanced Materials
Publisher
Wiley
Citation
Lu, Yongli, Shih, Meng‐Chen, Tan, Shaun, Grotevent, Matthias J, Wang, Lili et al. 2023. "Rational Design of a Chemical Bath Deposition Based Tin Oxide Electron‐Transport Layer for Perovskite Photovoltaics." Advanced Materials, 35 (45).
Version
Final published version
Abstract
Chemical bath deposition (CBD) is widely used to deposit tin oxide (SnOx) as an electron-transport layer in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The conventional recipe uses thioglycolic acid (TGA) to facilitate attachments of SnOx particles onto the substrate. However, nonvolatile TGA is reported to harm the operational stability of PSCs. In this work, a volatile oxalic acid (OA) is introduced as an alternative to TGA. OA, a dicarboxylic acid, functions as a chemical linker for the nucleation and attachment of particles to the substrate in the chemical bath. Moreover, OA can be readily removed through thermal annealing followed by a mild H2O2 treatment, as shown by FTIR measurements. Synergistically, the mild H2O2 treatment selectively oxidizes the surface of the SnOx layer, minimizing nonradiative interface carrier recombination. EELS (electron-energy-loss spectroscopy) confirms that the SnOx surface is dominated by Sn4+, while the bulk is a mixture of Sn2+ and Sn4+. This rational design of a CBD SnOx layer leads to devices with T85 ≈1500 h, a significant improvement over the TGA-based device with T80 ≈250 h. The champion device reached a power conversion efficiency of 24.6%. This work offers a rationale for optimizing the complex parameter space of CBD SnOx to achieve efficient and stable PSCs.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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DOI of Published Version
10.1002/adma.202304168
