Beyond antigens and adjuvants: formulating future vaccines
Name
Irvine_Beyond antigens.pdf
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1.45 MB
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Adobe PDF
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7090ba869c4d3f55ac2be8328f171fba
Author(s)
Moyer, Tyson
Zmolek, Andrew Charles
Irvine, Darrell J
Date Issued
March 2016
Journal
Journal of Clinical Investigation
Publisher
American Society for Clinical Investigation
Citation
Moyer, Tyson J., Andrew C. Zmolek, and Darrell J. Irvine. “Beyond Antigens and Adjuvants: Formulating Future Vaccines.” Journal of Clinical Investigation 126, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 799–808. © 2016 American Society for Clinical Investigation
Version
Final published version
Abstract
The need to optimize vaccine potency while minimizing toxicity in healthy recipients has motivated studies of the formulation of vaccines to control how, when, and where antigens and adjuvants encounter immune cells and other cells/tissues following administration. An effective subunit vaccine must traffic to lymph nodes (LNs), activate both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, and persist for a sufficient time to promote a mature immune response. Here, we review approaches to tailor these three aspects of vaccine function through optimized formulations. Traditional vaccine adjuvants activate innate immune cells, promote cell-mediated transport of antigen to lymphoid tissues, and promote antigen retention in LNs. Recent studies using nanoparticles and other lymphatic-targeting strategies suggest that direct targeting of antigens and adjuvant compounds to LNs can also enhance vaccine potency without sacrificing safety. The use of formulations to regulate biodistribution and promote antigen and inflammatory cue co-uptake in immune cells may be important for next-generation molecular adjuvants. Finally, strategies to program vaccine kinetics through novel formulation and delivery strategies provide another means to enhance immune responses independent of the choice of adjuvant. These technologies offer the prospect of enhanced efficacy while maintaining high safety profiles necessary for successful vaccines.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT
Terms of Use
Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use.
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1172/jci81083
