Observation of Low-Frequency Interlayer Breathing Modes in Few-Layer Black Phosphorus
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Author(s)
Ling, Xi
Liang, Liangbo
Huang, Shengxi
Puretzky, Alexander A.
Geohegan, David B.
Sumpter, Bobby G.
Kong, Jing
Meunier, Vincent
Dresselhaus, Mildred
Alternative Title
Low-Frequency Interlayer Breathing Modes in Few-Layer Black Phosphorus
Date Issued
May 2015
Journal
Nano Letters
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Citation
Ling, Xi, Liangbo Liang, Shengxi Huang, Alexander A. Puretzky, David B. Geohegan, Bobby G. Sumpter, Jing Kong, Vincent Meunier, and Mildred S. Dresselhaus. “Low-Frequency Interlayer Breathing Modes in Few-Layer Black Phosphorus.” Nano Lett. 15, no. 6 (June 10, 2015): 4080–4088.
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Author's final manuscript
Abstract
As a new two-dimensional layered material, black phosphorus (BP) is a very promising material for nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. We use Raman spectroscopy and first-principles theory to characterize and understand the low-frequency (LF) interlayer breathing modes (<100 cm[superscript –1]) in few-layer BP for the first time. Using a laser polarization dependence study and group theory analysis, the breathing modes are assigned to A[subscript g] symmetry. Compared to the high-frequency (HF) Raman modes, the LF breathing modes are considerably more sensitive to interlayer coupling and, thus, their frequencies show a stronger dependence on the number of layers. Hence, they constitute an effective means to probe both the crystalline orientation and thickness of few-layer BP. Furthermore, the temperature dependence shows that in the temperature range −150 to 30 °C, the breathing modes have a weak anharmonic behavior, in contrast to the HF Raman modes that exhibit strong anharmonicity.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Research Laboratory of Electronics
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01117
