ARQUIN : Architectures for Multinode Superconducting Quantum Computers
Author(s)
Ang, James
Carini, Gabriella
Chen, Yanzhu
Chuang, Isaac
DeMarco, Michael
Economou, Sophia
Eickbusch, Alec
Faraon, Andrei
Fu, Kai-Mei
Girvin, Steven
Date Issued
September 19, 2024
Journal
ACM Transactions on Quantum Computing
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery
Citation
James Ang, Gabriella Carini, Yanzhu Chen, Isaac Chuang, Michael DeMarco, Sophia Economou, Alec Eickbusch, Andrei Faraon, Kai-Mei Fu, Steven Girvin, Michael Hatridge, Andrew Houck, Paul Hilaire, Kevin Krsulich, Ang Li, Chenxu Liu, Yuan Liu, Margaret Martonosi, David McKay, Jim Misewich, Mark Ritter, Robert
Schoelkopf, Samuel Stein, Sara Sussman, Hong Tang, Wei Tang, teague tomesh, Norm Tubman, Chen Wang,
Nathan Wiebe, Yongxin Yao, Dillon Yost, and Yiyu Zhou. 2024. ARQUIN : Architectures for Multinode Superconducting Quantum Computers. ACM Trans. Quantum Comput. 5, 3, Article 19 (September 2024), 59 pages.
Version
Final published version
Abstract
Many proposals to scale quantum technology rely on modular or distributed designs wherein individual quantum processors, called nodes, are linked together to form one large multinode quantum computer (MNQC). One scalable method to construct an MNQC is using superconducting quantum systems with optical interconnects. However, internode gates in these systems may be two to three orders of magnitude noisier and slower than local operations. Surmounting the limitations of internode gates will require improvements in entanglement generation, use of entanglement distillation, and optimized software and compilers. Still, it remains unclear what performance is possible with current hardware and what performance algorithms require. In this article, we employ a systems analysis approach to quantify overall MNQC performance in terms of hardware models of internode links, entanglement distillation, and local architecture. We show how to navigate tradeoffs in entanglement generation and distillation in the context of algorithm performance, lay out how compilers and software should balance between local and internode gates, and discuss when noisy quantum internode links have an advantage over purely classical links. We find that a factor of 10–100× better link performance is required and introduce a research roadmap for the co-design of hardware and software towards the realization of early MNQCs. While we focus on superconducting devices with optical interconnects, our approach is general across MNQC implementations.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics
Persistent DSpace Link
DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1145/3674151
