Effect of Nonideal Solution Behavior on Desalination of a Sodium Chloride Solution and Comparison to Seawater
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jert_135_04_042003.pdf
Description
Published version
Size
1.41 MB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum (MD5)
fbb93f8174b07490a165f05515f4df6a
Author(s)
Mistry, Karan H.
Lienhard, John H
Date Issued
December 2013
Journal
Journal of Energy Resources Technology
Publisher
ASME International
Citation
Mistry, Karan H. and John H. Lienhard V, "Effect of Nonideal Solution Behavior on Desalination of a Sodium Chloride Solution and Comparison to Seawater." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 135, 4 (December 2013): 042003 doi 10.1115/1.4024544 ©2013
Version
Final published version
Abstract
Proper evaluation of the Gibbs free energy and other properties of seawater and other aqueous solutions is essential in the analysis of desalination systems. Standard seawater has been studied extensively and property data are readily accessible. However, many aqueous solutions requiring desalination have significantly different compositions from seawater and seawater data are generally not accurate for these solutions. Experimental data for a given aqueous solution may be unavailable under the conditions of interest. Therefore, there is a need to model relevant physical properties from chemical thermodynamic principles. In particular, for solutions that are not ideal, the activity and fugacity coefficients must be considered. In this paper, the effect of nonidealities in sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions is considered through a parametric study of the least work of separation for a desalination system. This study is used to determine the conditions under which the ideal solution approximation is valid and also to determine when an NaCl solution is a good approximation to standard seawater. It is found that the ideal solution approximation is reasonable within ranges of salinities and recovery ratios typical of those found in the seawater desalination industry because many of the nonidealities cancel out, but not because the solution behaves ideally. Additionally, it is found that NaCl solutions closely approximate natural seawater only at salinities typically found in seawater and not for salinities found in typical brackish waters.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4024544
