Selection of an HLA-C*03:04-Restricted HIV-1 p24 Gag Sequence Variant Is Associated with Viral Escape from KIR2DL3+ Natural Killer Cells: Data from an Observational Cohort in South Africa
Name
Holzemer-2015-Selection of an HLA-.pdf
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1.79 MB
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Checksum (MD5)
18ba5e189b7f55c7fa854666f85f771a
Author(s)
Thobakgale, Christina F.
Jimenez Cruz, Camilo A.
Garcia-Beltran, Wilfredo F.
Carlson, Jonathan M.
van Teijlingen, Nienke H.
Mann, Jaclyn K.
Jaggernath, Manjeetha
Kang, Seung-gu
Chung, Amy W.
Schafer, Jamie L.
Date Issued
November 2015
Journal
PLOS Medicine
Publisher
Public Library of Science
Citation
Holzemer, Angelique, Christina F. Thobakgale, Camilo A. Jimenez Cruz, Wilfredo F. Garcia-Beltran, Jonathan M. Carlson, Nienke H. van Teijlingen, Jaclyn K. Mann, et al. “Selection of an HLA-C*03:04-Restricted HIV-1 P24 Gag Sequence Variant Is Associated with Viral Escape from KIR2DL3+ Natural Killer Cells: Data from an Observational Cohort in South Africa.” Edited by Andrew Carr. PLOS Medicine 12, no. 11 (November 17, 2015): e1001900.
Version
Final published version
Abstract
Background
Viruses can evade immune surveillance, but the underlying mechanisms are insufficiently understood. Here, we sought to understand the mechanisms by which natural killer (NK) cells recognize HIV-1-infected cells and how this virus can evade NK-cell-mediated immune pressure.
Methods and Findings
Two sequence mutations in p24 Gag associated with the presence of specific KIR/HLA combined genotypes were identified in HIV-1 clade C viruses from a large cohort of infected, untreated individuals in South Africa (n = 392), suggesting viral escape from KIR+ NK cells through sequence variations within HLA class I—presented epitopes. One sequence polymorphism at position 303 of p24 Gag (T[subscript Gag303]V), selected for in infected individuals with both KIR2DL3 and HLA-C*03:04, enabled significantly better binding of the inhibitory KIR2DL3 receptor to HLA-C*03:04-expressing cells presenting this variant epitope compared to the wild-type epitope (wild-type mean 18.01 ± 10.45 standard deviation [SD] and variant mean 44.67 ± 14.42 SD, p = 0.002). Furthermore, activation of primary KIR2DL3+ NK cells from healthy donors in response to HLA-C*03:04+ target cells presenting the variant epitope was significantly reduced in comparison to cells presenting the wild-type sequence (wild-type mean 0.78 ± 0.07 standard error of the mean [SEM] and variant mean 0.63 ± 0.07 SEM, p = 0.012). Structural modeling and surface plasmon resonance of KIR/peptide/HLA interactions in the context of the different viral sequence variants studied supported these results. Future studies will be needed to assess processing and antigen presentation of the investigated HIV-1 epitope in natural infection, and the consequences for viral control.
Conclusions
These data provide novel insights into how viruses can evade NK cell immunity through the selection of mutations in HLA-presented epitopes that enhance binding to inhibitory NK cell receptors. Better understanding of the mechanisms by which HIV-1 evades NK-cell-mediated immune pressure and the functional validation of a structural modeling approach will facilitate the development of novel targeted immune interventions to harness the antiviral activities of NK cells.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering
Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001900
