Systems and Synthetic microRNA Biology: From Biogenesis to Disease Pathogenesis
Name
ijms-21-00132.pdf
Description
Published version
Size
1.09 MB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum (MD5)
cda48458b13831475b50f69741dd6005
Author(s)
Matsuyama, Hironori
Suzuki, Hiroshi
Date Issued
December 2019
Journal
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Citation
Matsuyama, Hironori and Hiroshi Suzuki. "Systems and Synthetic microRNA Biology: From Biogenesis to Disease Pathogenesis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21,1 (December 2019): 132 © 2019 The Author(s)
Version
Final published version
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are approximately 22-nucleotide-long, small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. The biogenesis of miRNAs involves multiple steps, including the transcription of primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs), nuclear Drosha-mediated processing, cytoplasmic Dicer-mediated processing, and loading onto Argonaute (Ago) proteins. Further, miRNAs control diverse biological and pathological processes via the silencing of target mRNAs. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the quantitative aspects of miRNA homeostasis, including Drosha-mediated pri-miRNA processing, Ago-mediated asymmetric miRNA strand selection, and modifications of miRNA pathway components, as well as the roles of RNA modifications (epitranscriptomics), epigenetics, transcription factor circuits, and super-enhancers in miRNA regulation. These recent advances have facilitated a system-level understanding of miRNA networks, as well as the improvement of RNAi performance for both gene-specific targeting and genome-wide screening. The comprehensive understanding and modeling of miRNA biogenesis and function have been applied to the design of synthetic gene circuits. In addition, the relationships between miRNA genes and super-enhancers provide the molecular basis for the highly biased cell type-specific expression patterns of miRNAs and the evolution of miRNA–target connections, while highlighting the importance of alterations of super-enhancer-associated miRNAs in a variety of human diseases.
MIT Department
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT
Terms of Use
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license
Persistent DSpace Link
DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010132
