Multifunctional polymeric guanidine and hydantoin halamines with broad biocidal activity
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Description
Published version
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Author(s)
Bromberg, Lev
Magariños, Beatriz
Torres, Beatriz S
Santos, Ysabel
Concheiro, Angel
Hatton, T Alan
Alvarez-Lorenzo, Carmen
Date Issued
February 15, 2024
Journal
International Journal of Pharmaceutics
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Citation
Bromberg, Lev, Magariños, Beatriz, Torres, Beatriz S, Santos, Ysabel, Concheiro, Angel et al. 2024. "Multifunctional polymeric guanidine and hydantoin halamines with broad biocidal activity." International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 651.
Version
Final published version
Abstract
Prolonged and excessive use of biocides during the coronavirus disease era calls for incorporating new antiviral polymers that enhance the surface design and functionality for existing and potential future pandemics. Herein, we investigated previously unexplored polyamines with nucleophilic biguanide, guanidine, and hydantoin groups that all can be halogenated leading to high contents of oxidizing halogen that enables enhancement of the biocidal activity. Primary amino groups can be used to attach poly(N-vinylguanidine) (PVG) and poly(allylamine-co-4-aminopyridine-co-5-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)hydantoin) (PAH) as well as a broad-spectrum commercial biocide poly(hexamethylene biguanide) (PHMB) onto a solid support. Halogenation of polymer suspensions was conducted through in situ generation of excess hypobromous acid (HBrO) from bromine and sodium hydroxide or by sodium hypochlorite in aqueous solutions, resulting in N-halamines with high contents of active > N-Br or > N-Cl groups. The virucidal activity of the polymers against human respiratory coronavirus HCoV-229E increased dramatically with their halogenation. Brominated PHMB-Br showed activation activity value > 5 even at 1 mg/L, and complete virus inhibition was observed with either PHMB-Br or PAH-Br at 10 mg/mL. Brominated PVG-Br and PAH-Br possessed fungicidal activity against C. albicans, while PHMB was fungistatic. PHMB, PHMB-Br and PAH polymers demonstrated excellent bactericidal activity against the methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium. Brominated polymers (PHMB-Br, PVG-Br, PAH-Br) were not toxic to the HeLa monolayers, indicating acceptable biocompatibility to cultured human cells. With these features, the N-halamine polymers of the present study are a worthwhile addition to the arsenal of biocides and are promising candidates for development of non-leaching coatings.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemical Engineering
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123779
