Chromatin Regulation of DNA Damage Repair and Genome Integrity in the Central Nervous System
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nihms887313.pdf
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Author(s)
Pan, Ling
Penney, Jay
Tsai, Li-Huei
Date Issued
August 2014
Journal
Journal of Molecular Biology
Publisher
Elsevier
Citation
Pan, Ling et al. “Chromatin Regulation of DNA Damage Repair and Genome Integrity in the Central Nervous System.” Journal of Molecular Biology 426, 20 (October 2014): 3376–3388 © 2014 Elsevier Ltd
Version
Author's final manuscript
Abstract
With the continued extension of lifespan, aging and age-related diseases have become a major medical challenge to our society. Aging is accompanied by changes in multiple systems. Among these, the aging process in the central nervous system is critically important but very poorly understood. Neurons, as post-mitotic cells, are devoid of replicative associated aging processes, such as senescence and telomere shortening. However, because of the inability to self-replenish, neurons have to withstand challenge from numerous stressors over their lifetime. Many of these stressors can lead to damage of the neurons' DNA. When the accumulation of DNA damage exceeds a neuron's capacity for repair, or when there are deficiencies in DNA repair machinery, genome instability can manifest. The increased mutation load associated with genome instability can lead to neuronal dysfunction and ultimately to neuron degeneration. In this review, we first briefly introduce the sources and types of DNA damage and the relevant repair pathways in the nervous system (summarized in Fig. 1). We then discuss the chromatin regulation of these processes and summarize our understanding of the contribution of genomic instability to neurodegenerative diseases. Abbreviations
DDRDNA damage response
NHEJnonhomologous end joining
HRhomologous recombination
BERbase excision repair
NERnucleotide excision repair
SSBsingle-strand break
SSBRsingle-strand break repair
DSBRdouble-strand break repair
DSBdouble-strand break
mtDNAmitochondrial DNA
PARpoly(ADP-ribose)
HAThistone acetyltransferase
HDAChistone deacetylase
ATMataxia telangiectasia mutated
MMRmismatch repair
CNVcopy number variation
iPSCinduced pluripotent stem cell
HDHuntington's disease
ADAlzheimer's disease
PDParkinson's disease
ALSamyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Keywords
neurodegenerative diseases
DNA repair
DNA damage response
histone modifications
central nervous system
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
Picower Institute for Learning and Memory
Terms of Use
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2014.08.001
