Genome analysis of a major urban malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles stephensi
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Author(s)
Jiang, Xiaofang
Peery, Ashley
Hall, A. B.
Sharma, Atashi
Chen, Xiao-Guang
Komissarov, Aleksey
Riehle, Michelle M.
Shouche, Yogesh
Sharakhova, Maria V.
Lawson, Daniel
Date Issued
September 2014
Journal
Genome Biology
Publisher
BioMed Central Ltd
Citation
Jiang, Xiaofang, et al. "Genome analysis of a major urban malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles stephensi." Genome Biology 2014, 15:459.
Version
Final published version
Abstract
Background:
Anopheles stephensi is the key vector of malaria throughout the Indian subcontinent and Middle East and an emerging model for molecular and genetic studies of mosquito-parasite interactions. The type form of the species is responsible for the majority of urban malaria transmission across its range.
Results:
Here, we report the genome sequence and annotation of the Indian strain of the type form of An. stephensi. The 221 Mb genome assembly represents more than 92% of the entire genome and was produced using a combination of 454, Illumina, and PacBio sequencing. Physical mapping assigned 62% of the genome onto chromosomes, enabling chromosome-based analysis. Comparisons between An. stephensi and An. gambiae reveal that the rate of gene order reshuffling on the X chromosome was three times higher than that on the autosomes. An. stephensi has more heterochromatin in pericentric regions but less repetitive DNA in chromosome arms than An. gambiae. We also identify a number of Y-chromosome contigs and BACs. Interspersed repeats constitute 7.1% of the assembled genome while LTR retrotransposons alone comprise more than 49% of the Y contigs. RNA-seq analyses provide new insights into mosquito innate immunity, development, and sexual dimorphism.
Conclusions:
The genome analysis described in this manuscript provides a resource and platform for fundamental and translational research into a major urban malaria vector. Chromosome-based investigations provide unique perspectives on Anopheles chromosome evolution. RNA-seq analysis and studies of immunity genes offer new insights into mosquito biology and mosquito-parasite interactions.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-014-0459-2
