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The regularization parameter choice is a fundamental problem in supervised learning since the performance of most algorithms crucially depends on the choice of one or more of such parameters. In particular a main theoretical issue regards the amount of prior knowledge on the problem needed to suitably choose the regularization parameter and obtain learning rates. In this paper we present a strategy, the balancing principle, to choose the regularization parameter without knowledge of the regularity of the target function. Such a choice adaptively achieves the best error rate. Our main result applies to regularization algorithms in reproducing kernel Hilbert space with the square loss, though we also study how a similar principle can be used in other situations. As a straightforward corollary we can immediately derive adaptive parameter choice for various kernel methods recently studied. Numerical experiments with the proposed parameter choice rules are also presented.
