Colorless green ideas do sleep furiously: gradient acceptability and the nature of the grammar
Name
[The Linguistic Review] Colorless green ideas do sleep furiously gradient acceptability and the nature of the grammar.pdf
Description
Published version
Size
2.56 MB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum (MD5)
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Author(s)
Sprouse, Jon
Yankama, Beracah
Yankama, Beracah
Indurkhya, Sagar
Fong, Sandiway
Berwick, Robert C
Date Issued
September 2018
Journal
Lingustic Review
Publisher
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Citation
Sprouse, Jon et al. "Colorless green ideas do sleep furiously: gradient acceptability and the nature of the grammar." Linguistic Review 35, 3 (September 2018): 575–599 © 2018 Walter de Gruyter
Version
Final published version
Abstract
In their recent paper, Lau, Clark, and Lappin explore the idea that the probability of the occurrence of word strings can form the basis of an adequate theory of grammar (Lau, Jey H., Alexander Clark & 15 Shalom Lappin. 2017. Grammaticality, acceptability, and probability: A prob- abilistic view of linguistic knowledge. Cognitive Science 41(5):1201-1241). To make their case, they present the results of correlating the output of several probabilistic models trained solely on naturally occurring sentences with the gradient acceptability judgments that humans report for ungrammatical sentences derived from roundtrip machine translation errors. In this paper, we first explore the logic of the Lau et al. argument, both in terms of the choice of evaluation metric (gradient acceptability), and in the choice of test data set (machine translation errors on random sentences from a corpus). We then present our own series of studies intended to allow for a better comparison between LCL's models and existing grammatical theories. We evaluate two of LCL's probabilistic models (trigrams and recurrent neural network) against three data sets (taken from journal articles, a textbook, and Chomsky's famous colorless-green-ideas sentence), using three evaluation metrics (LCL's gradience metric, a categorical version of the metric, and the experimental-logic metric used in the syntax literature). Our results suggest there are very real, measurable cost-benefit tradeoffs inherent in LCL's models across the three evaluation metrics. The gain in explanation of gradience (between 13% and 31% of gradience) is offset by losses in the other two metrics: a 43%-49% loss in coverage based on a categorical metric of explaining acceptability, and a loss of 12%-35% in explaining experimentally-defined phenomena. This suggests that anyone wishing to pursue LCL's models as competitors with existing syntactic theories must either be satisfied with this tradeoff, or modify the models to capture the phenomena that are not currently captured.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use.
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DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2018-0005
