Analysis of reversible ejectors and definition of an ejector efficiency

Abstract

Second Law analyses of ejector performance have rarely been conducted in literature. Measures of ejector efficiency have not always been clearly defined and the rationale underlying and justifying current performance metrics is often unclear. One common means of assessing performance is to define a thermodynamically reversible reference process against which real processes may be benchmarked. These reversible processes represent the thermodynamic limit of real ejector performance. In this paper, parameters from real and reversible processes are compared and performance metrics are defined. In particular, the entrainment ratio of real devices is compared to the reversible entrainment ratio and denoted the reversible entrainment ratio efficiency. An efficiency comparing the ejector performance to that of a turbine-compressor system is also investigated, as is an exergetic efficiency. A rigorous analysis of performance metrics reported in the literature is undertaken. Graphical illustrations are provided to support intuitive understanding of these metrics. Analytical equations are also formulated for ideal-gas models. The performance metrics are then applied to existing experimental data to illustrate the difference in their numerical values. The reversible entrainment ratio efficiency η[subscript RER] is shown to always be lower than the turbine-compressor efficiency η[subscript TER]. For general air–air and steam–steam ejectors, the exergetic efficiency η[subscript X] is very close in numerical value to the reversible entrainment ratio efficiency η[subscript RER].