Optimization and analysis of the laser isotope separation technique SILEX and ensuing proliferation ramifications

Abstract

SILEX is a molecular isotope separation technique that takes advantage of the differing energies of molecular excitations between different isotopes of uranium. This process occurs within a jet of supersonic gas, the gas includes both uranium hexafluoride and a carrier gas, and reportedly allows for high separation factors relative to other isotope-separation processes. Industry interests have argued that it could be readily commercialized. This topic is of particular interest because laser isotope separation technology has seen an increase in interest and funding over the last decade. This suggests some study of the risks that such a technology poses to society may now be in order. To inform policymakers about the risks inherent to a particular enrichment technology, it is necessary to understand the theoretical underpinnings of the technology before one can analyze the impact of the technology. Positions expressed in the current literature are ill-informed and range from deep opposition, citing concerns that SILEX poses greater proliferation risk than centrifuge or gaseous diffusion technology, to claims by scientists that it is not possible to use the technology to produce greater than 50% enriched U-235. A rigorous and holistic view of the technology will better inform policy by improving the accuracy of claims and identifying realistic solutions to problems the technology may pose. This thesis will seek to provide this deeply technical and holistic analysis of the technology, and will use the results to interpret the economic and proliferation impact such a technology will have on the global nuclear enterprise. The holistic analysis in this thesis will present several important conclusions: 1) the enrichment factor of SILEX is not quite as large as proponents suggest; 2) asymmetric cascade designs will be required; 3) SILEX may not be cheaper than centrifuge facilities; 4) SILEX will not be viable without improvements in laser technology; and 5) international policies may be the most effective means of curtailing enrichment schemes like SILEX.