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dc.contributor.advisorScott R. Manalis and Jeff Gore.en_US
dc.contributor.authorKang, Joon Ho,Ph. D.Massachusetts Institute of Technology.en_US
dc.contributor.otherMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics.en_US
dc.date.accessioned2020-01-08T19:31:46Z
dc.date.available2020-01-08T19:31:46Z
dc.date.copyright2019en_US
dc.date.issued2019en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123350
dc.descriptionThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.en_US
dc.descriptionThesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2019en_US
dc.descriptionCataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.en_US
dc.descriptionIncludes bibliographical references (pages 145-158).en_US
dc.description.abstractCells undergo dynamic changes in cell shape and mechanics during mitosis, a short cell-cycle stage dedicated to separating replicated chromosomes into two daughter cells. Recently, several groups have reported that mitotic biophysical changes are essential for proper mitotic spindle function, consequently affecting mitotic fidelity and development of cancer. However, studying biophysical dynamics in mitosis is challenging because both the magnitude and duration of mitotic changes are heterogeneous across the cell population. In this thesis, I demonstrate new methods to monitor single-cell mass, volume and mechanical properties throughout mitosis with temporal resolution of <1 min. We utilize the suspended microchannel resonator (SMR) which is a fluid-filled cantilever capable of measuring cell buoyant mass by the change of SMR resonant frequency. First, we monitor the volume and density of single cells in suspension by consecutively weighing them in two fluids of different densities. We find that mitotic cells reversibly increased their volume by more than 10% over a 20-min period after mitotic entry through osmotic regulation. Next, using the SMR and a protein synthesis assay, we quantify the mass accumulation and translation rates of single cells between mitotic stages. Various animal cell types displayed persistent mass accumulation during mitosis and cytokinesis with mitotic-stage specific growth rate dynamics. Finally, we quantify mechanical properties via acoustic scattering of waves from a cell inside the SMR. Through simulations, experiment with hydrogels and chemical perturbation of cells, we show that our readout from acoustic scattering measures stiffness. Cells maintained constant stiffness throughout interphase but show dynamic changes during mitosis. Altogether, continuous monitoring of single-cell physical parameters -- mass, volume and stiffness -- has revealed biophysical dynamics during mitosis that have not been previously observed.en_US
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityby Joon Ho Kang.en_US
dc.format.extent158 pagesen_US
dc.language.isoengen_US
dc.publisherMassachusetts Institute of Technologyen_US
dc.rightsMIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission.en_US
dc.rights.urihttp://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582en_US
dc.subjectPhysics.en_US
dc.titleDynamics of single-cell mass, volume and stiffness during mitosisen_US
dc.typeThesisen_US
dc.description.degreePh. D.en_US
dc.contributor.departmentMassachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physicsen_US
dc.identifier.oclc1132798167en_US
dc.description.collectionPh.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physicsen_US
dspace.imported2020-01-08T19:31:42Zen_US
mit.thesis.degreeDoctoralen_US
mit.thesis.departmentPhysen_US


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