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Sequence of the chicken sex chromosomes
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010)
In birds, as in mammals, the chromosome complement determines sex. Male birds are designated ZZ, female ZW. Mammals have the opposite system; males are XY and females XX. Both the avian ZW and mammalian XY pair are believed ...
Experience-dependent dendrite remodeling of GABAergic interneurons in the adult visual cortex
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010)
An ever increasing amount of evidence is demonstrating that structural plasticity is a diverse and ongoing feature that contributes to plasticity in the adult brain. It was previously shown that dendritic arbors of inhibitory ...
Modeling hematologic malignancies and their treatment in humanized mice
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010)
Approximately 10% of all cancer deaths in the United States are due to neoplasms of the hematopoietic system, such as leukemias and lymphomas. Genetically engineered mouse models of these diseases have yielded invaluable ...
The role of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 in hepatic physiology and disease
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010)
The multi-component kinase mTOR complex 1 (mTORC 1) coordinates nutrient and growth factor inputs with numerous downstream processes including protein translation, autophagy, metabolism and cell growth. We have found that ...
Effects of aneuploidy on growth and cell cycle progression
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010)
In budding yeast, aneuploidy has a detrimental effect in cell growth and proliferation. The work presented here shows that most aneuploid yeast strains delay cell cycle entry by increasing the critical size for budding and ...
Degradation of the E. coli small heat-shock proteins by the AAA+ protease lon : significance to protein quality-control
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010)
The refolding and elimination of damaged and aggregated proteins requires the concerted effort of several branches of the protein quality-control network. This network includes refolding chaperones, disaggregases, holdases ...
The structural basis of RNA-catalyzed RNA polymerization
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010)
The Class I ligase is an artificial ribozyme that catalyzes a reaction chemically identical to a single turnover of RNA-dependent RNA polymerization. Such an activity would have been requisite for the emergence of a ...
Dazl regulates mouse embryonic germ cell development
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010)
In the mouse, germ cells can undergo differentiation to become either oocytes or spermatozoa in response to sex of their gonadal environment. The nature of the germ cell-intrinsic aspects of this signaling have not been ...
The recruitment of stromal cells to the site of tumor formation
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010)
Myofibroblasts are an alpha-smooth muscle actin ([alpha]-SMA)-expressing cell type found within human mammary carcinomas, but not in the normal mammary gland. Myofibroblasts can enhance tumor formation by promoting ...
Investigation of coiled-coil interactions between proteins of the spindle pole body
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010)
The spindle pole body (SPB) is a large multi-protein complex that organizes microtubules in yeast. Through its function of nucleating and anchoring microtubules, the SPB is essential for cell viability. High-resolution ...