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Problems with a localized nature in exploration seismology
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017)
A wide range of problems in seismology have a localized nature. Examples include inversion for time-lapse change, salt boundary position and Amplitude or Phase Versus Angle (AVA/PVA). With increasing computational power, ...
Positioning in geophysics : applications to GPS seismology, airborne gravimetry, and the Dawn Spacecraft at Vesta
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015)
This dissertation presents improvements made on position estimation techniques applied to seismology, airborne gravimetry and planetary gravity recovery. In Chapters 2 and 3, a smoothed ionospheric model computed using GPS ...
Teleseismic transmission and reflection tomography
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014)
The aim of seismic tomography is to determine a model of Earth properties that best explain observed seismic data. In practice, the limitations placed on our observations and computational capabilities force us to make a ...
Full wavefield inversion methods for monitoring time-lapse subsurface velocity changes
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014)
Quantitative measurements of seismic velocity changes from time-lapse seismic experiments provide dynamic information about the subsurface that improves the understanding of the geology and reservoir properties. In this ...
Emergent geometries of groundwater-fed rivers
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017)
Groundwater-fed rivers form stunning geometries over a range of scales. These rivers grow as water from an underground aquifer reemerges and erodes the overlying topography. Both the aquifer and the overlying topography ...
Multiphase flow and fault poromechanics : understanding earthquake triggering and seismic hazard
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
In this Thesis, we investigate natural and engineered processes related to the assessment of the seismic hazard from the impact of anthropogenic operations on the stability of pre-existing geological faults. We do so by ...
Imaging and interpreting seismic heterogeneity in the North American lithosphere
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020)
Interpretation of seismic wavespeed anomalies inferred from global and continental-scale tomographic models is complicated by the competing effects of temperature and chemical composition. Understanding the origin of a ...
Some rock mechanics problems with application for hydraulic fracturing
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019)
Hydraulic fracturing is an essential tool used to enhance connectivity in shale gas reservoirs by maximizing the intersection between the hydraulic fracture (HF) and pre-existing natural fractures (NF) or faults. The ...
The role of roughness in earthquake source physics
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017)
Faults are rough at all scales and can be described as self-affine fractals. This deviation from planarity results in geometric asperities and a locally heterogeneous stress field, which affect the nucleation and propagation ...
Strain heterogeneity during creep of Carrara marble
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014)
Creep processes in calcite have been extensively studied, leading to the establishment of deformation mechanism maps. However, flow laws assuming a steady-state and homogeneous creep deformation cannot describe the strain ...