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Sequence of the chicken sex chromosomes
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010)
In birds, as in mammals, the chromosome complement determines sex. Male birds are designated ZZ, female ZW. Mammals have the opposite system; males are XY and females XX. Both the avian ZW and mammalian XY pair are believed ...
Experience-dependent dendrite remodeling of GABAergic interneurons in the adult visual cortex
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010)
An ever increasing amount of evidence is demonstrating that structural plasticity is a diverse and ongoing feature that contributes to plasticity in the adult brain. It was previously shown that dendritic arbors of inhibitory ...
Modeling hematologic malignancies and their treatment in humanized mice
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010)
Approximately 10% of all cancer deaths in the United States are due to neoplasms of the hematopoietic system, such as leukemias and lymphomas. Genetically engineered mouse models of these diseases have yielded invaluable ...
The role of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 in hepatic physiology and disease
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010)
The multi-component kinase mTOR complex 1 (mTORC 1) coordinates nutrient and growth factor inputs with numerous downstream processes including protein translation, autophagy, metabolism and cell growth. We have found that ...
Effects of aneuploidy on growth and cell cycle progression
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010)
In budding yeast, aneuploidy has a detrimental effect in cell growth and proliferation. The work presented here shows that most aneuploid yeast strains delay cell cycle entry by increasing the critical size for budding and ...
The identification of the mTOR-regulated phosphoproteome and a mediator of feedback inhibition to P13K-Akt
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011)
The mTOR protein kinase nucleates two complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. Collectively, the two complexes regulate processes important for cell growth and proliferation, including protein synthesis, autophagy, metabolism, and ...
Regulation of survival and synaptic connectivity in the adult brain by cell-intrinsic excitability
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011)
Although the lifelong addition of new neurons to the olfactory bulb and dentate gyms of mammalian brains is by now an accepted fact, the function of adult-generated neurons still largely remains a mystery. The ability of ...
Induced pluripotency and reprogramming by defined factors
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011)
The process by which the totipotent zygote undergoes development into an adult organism using a single genome is the foundation for epigenetics and cellular differentiation. Somatic cell nuclear transfer experiments (SCNT) ...
Regulation of mammalian neuronal circuit development by CPG 15
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)
The orderly assembly of neuronal circuits is specified by developmental programs of gene expression, however, the final stage in circuit development, maturation and refinement of specific synaptic connections, is strongly ...
Degradation of the E. coli small heat-shock proteins by the AAA+ protease lon : significance to protein quality-control
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010)
The refolding and elimination of damaged and aggregated proteins requires the concerted effort of several branches of the protein quality-control network. This network includes refolding chaperones, disaggregases, holdases ...