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Identification of new genes and pathways that act to delay C. elegans aging
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008)
Aging of an organism is determined by both stochastic and genetic components. The importance of genes is illustrated by the discovery of single gene mutations that alter lifespans of species ranging from invertebrates C. ...
Structural studies of rebeccamycin, staurosporine, and violacein biosynthetic enzymes
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008)
The biosynthesis of medically relevant bisindole natural products rebeccamycin, staurosporine, and violacein from the common starting material L-tryptophan involves shared enzymatic transformations. However, the pathways ...
MicroRNAs in early embryonic development : dissecting the role of miR-290 through miR-295 in the mouse
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008)
MicroRNAs mediate developmental regulation of gene expression via translational repression of target mRNAs. Targeted deletion of the miRNA biogenesis machinery in the mouse has demonstrated essential roles for miRNAs during ...
Molecular control of embryonic stem cell identity
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008)
Embryonic Stem (ES) cells are the in vitro derivatives of the inner cell mass of a developing embryo, and exhibit the property of pluripotency, which is the ability of a cell to give rise to all cell lineages of an organism. ...
Programming and reprogramming cellular identity
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008)
Every cell in the human body contains the same genetic information, with few exceptions, yet each cell type enacts a distinct gene expression program to allow for highly specialized functions. These tightly controlled ...
CDK control of mitotic progression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008)
Mitotic cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are best known for their essential functions in triggering entry into M-phase, where they have established roles in nuclear envelope breakdown, chromosome condensation, and Golgi ...
Coordination of origin licensing and cell cycle entry
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008)
The faithful duplication of the genome is a fundamental requirement for cellular propagation. To ensure successful transmission of genetic material to progeny, the preparation for, initiation, and completion of DNA replication ...
Studies of bacterial homeostasis Sinorhizobium meliloti and Escherichia coli
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008)
The symbiosis between Sinorhizobium meliloti and its plant host Medicago sativa, offers a tractable model to explore the bacterial requirements for endocytic survival in a eukaryotic host. It has been shown that during ...
Mammalian gene regulation through the 3' UTR
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008)
The untranslated region (UTR) at the 30 end of a mammalian mRNA is typically rich with regulatory motifs that influence the stability, localization, translation and other properties of the message. We explored two classes ...
Insights into the regulation of mTOR signaling and the consequences of pharmacological inhibition
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008)
Cells have evolved a highly tuned system for driving growth in response to the right cues. Permissive signals initiate a cascade of events that send nutrient transporters to the membrane, suppress apoptosis, boost protein ...