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Functional miRNA regulation of metastatic genes promotes tumor cell dissemination in non-small cell and small cell lung carcinomas
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013)
Tumor progression, from initiation to advanced metastatic disease, requires the orchestration of a diverse group of cell-intrinsic and extrinsic factors. This multifactorial disease is promoted by an accumulation of genetic ...
The role of the retinoblastoma protein in mitochondrial apoptosis
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013)
The retinoblastoma protein (pRB) tumor suppressor is deregulated in the vast majority of human tumors. pRB is a well-established transcriptional co-regulator that influences many fundamental cellular processes. It has been ...
Discovery and biochemical characterization of RNA interference in budding yeast
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013)
RNA interference (RNAi) is a eukaryotic pathway for the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. In the simplest form of RNAi, a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) trigger is converted into small-RNA duplexes by the ...
Cell cycle regulation during gametogenesis in budding yeast
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013)
Sexual reproduction depends on meiosis, the specialized cell division that gives rise to gametes. During meiosis, two consecutive rounds of chromosome segregation follow one round of DNA replication to yield four haploid ...
Structure and function of the human Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enzyme family
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013)
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes in humans is comprised of 17 proteins. PARP-1, the first member of the family, synthesizes a large, complex post-translational modification, poly(ADP-ribose). While ...
The structural basis of RNA-catalyzed RNA polymerization
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010)
The Class I ligase is an artificial ribozyme that catalyzes a reaction chemically identical to a single turnover of RNA-dependent RNA polymerization. Such an activity would have been requisite for the emergence of a ...
Dazl regulates mouse embryonic germ cell development
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010)
In the mouse, germ cells can undergo differentiation to become either oocytes or spermatozoa in response to sex of their gonadal environment. The nature of the germ cell-intrinsic aspects of this signaling have not been ...
Spatial and temporal coordination of genome segregation with activation of the Mitotic Exit Network
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)
In budding yeast, an essential Hippo-like signal transduction cascade known as the Mitotic Exit Network (MEN) governs the final cell cycle transition, the mitosis to G1 transition. To ensure the accurate execution of ...
The C. elegans class A synthetic multivulva genes inhibit ectopic RAS-mediated vulval development by tightly restricting expression of lin-3 EGF
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011)
The class A and B synthetic multivulva (synMuv) genes of C. elegans redundantly antagonize an EGF/Ras pathway to prevent ectopic vulval induction. The class B synMuv genes encode many proteins known to remodel chromatin ...
A study of mammalian microRNA-mediated repression of gene expression by ribosome profiling
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011)
All cells in a multicellular organism carry the same genes, yet these same genes direct the differentiation of many different cell types. This is facilitated by differential gene expression, the control of which can be ...