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For cells and organisms to survive, they must maintain protein homeostasis in varied and often harsh environments. Cells utilize proteases and chaperones to maintain their proteomes. In bacteria, most cytosolic proteolysis ...

Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are mobile genetic elements that are normally found stably integrated into bacterial chromosomes, but under certain situations can excise and transfer to a recipient cell through ...

Myofibroblasts are an alpha-smooth muscle actin ([alpha]-SMA)-expressing cell type found within human mammary carcinomas, but not in the normal mammary gland. Myofibroblasts can enhance tumor formation by promoting ...

The spindle pole body (SPB) is a large multi-protein complex that organizes microtubules in yeast. Through its function of nucleating and anchoring microtubules, the SPB is essential for cell viability. High-resolution ...

The Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) is a ~50 MDa protein complex that forms the sole conduit for macromolecular transport across the nuclear envelope. It assembles from ~30 proteins, termed nucleoporins or nups, symmetrically ...

AAA+ self-compartmentalized proteases are an important class of proteome regulators that operate to selectively degrade protein substrates. All of these enzymes share the architectural theme of a hexameric ring unfoldase ...

Cataract, the leading cause of blindness worldwide, is the opacification of the eye lens. In.age-related cataract, as well as roughly one half of congenital cataract cases, aggregation or precipitation of crystallin proteins ...

Eukaryotic chromosomal DNA replication is a tightly regulated process that initiates at multiple origins of replication throughout the genome. As cells enter the GI phase of the cell cycle, the Mcm2-7 replicative helicase ...

Neuronal communication relies on the continual replenishment of synaptic vesicles that are primed for neurotransmitter release in response to action potentials. A vast array of proteins is required to mediate synaptic ...

The internal methylation of mRNA post-transcriptionally is an essential component of the mRNA editing machinery in virtually every eukaryotic system. Despite this ubiquity, little is known about the relevance, consequences ...