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Assessing anthropogenic noise impacts and relevant soundscape cues for marine invertebrates: leveraging squid and coral reefs as model systems
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021-09)
Sound is utilized by marine animal taxa for many ecologically important functions, and these taxa are vulnerable to adverse effects of anthropogenic noise on hearing and behavior. However, little is known about marine ...
New tools for the discovery of pigment gene function
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021-06)
Dozens of genes contribute to the vast variation in human pigmentation. Many of these encode proteins that localize to the melanosome, the lysosome-related organelle that synthesizes pigment, but have unclear functions. ...
Metabolic regulation of mammalian cell growth and proliferation
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021-09)
Proliferation requires that cells acquire sufficient biomass to produce two daughter cells. To accomplish this, cells must utilize available nutrients to generate new components of cell mass, including proteins, lipids, ...
Gene expression changes during mammalian male meiotic initiation
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021-09)
In sexually reproducing organisms, germ cells can divide by mitosis, which generates daughter cells that are genetically identical to the mother cell, or meiosis, which divides the genome for haploid gamete generation. ...
Evolution of large palindromes on the primate X chromosome
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021-06)
Human sex chromosomes are enriched for complex genomic architecture, including massive palindromes with arms that can exceed 1 Mb in length and arm-to-arm sequence identity higher than 99%. Palindrome arms harbor protein-coding ...
A systematic approach for cataloging mTORC1 regulators
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021-06)
mTORC1 is a major regulator of eukaryotic cell growth. As a cellular decision-maker, mTORC1 surveils internal levels of basic biomolecules such as amino acids, ATP, cholesterol, and external levels of growth factors. Under ...
Regulation of miRNA degradation
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021-09)
miRNAs are small RNAs that repress gene expression by guiding the effector protein Argonaute (Ago) to complementary sites in the 3′ UTRs of target genes. The levels of a miRNA in a given cell-type are determined by the ...
Investigating the role of a JNK-like MAP kinase signaling in regulating dauer developmental arrest in Caenorhabditis elegans
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021-09)
Many metazoans have the ability to respond to stressful growth environments by arresting in a diapause state. The young larvae of nematode Caenorhabditis elegans undergo drastic anatomic and metabolic remodeling to enter ...
How, when, and where: fate selection in regenerative planarians
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021-09)
Whole-body regeneration requires an organism to produce all missing cell types. The planarian flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea contains an estimated 150 distinct cell types, which can all be regenerated after injury. Cell-type ...
Nucleoid condensation in Escherichia coli by the DNAbinding protein SymE
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021-09)
Bacteria are at the mercy of whatever environment surrounds them. As such, they have developed a number of clever methods to respond to the myriad of stressors that they face. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are one of the ...