Imaging and controlling atoms and semiconductor spins with advanced optical microscopy

Abstract

Technologies based on the rules of quantum mechanics promise to dramatically outperform their classical counterparts. Atoms and atom-like semiconductor spins are outstanding quantum objects in which such quantum technologies are implemented. In developing quantum systems, optical microscopy is central to controlling these quantum objects with their distinct atom-photon interactions, which enable quantum state preparation, manipulation, and detection with high spatial resolution. However, conventional capabilities of optical microscopes often limit advances of quantum science and technologies that are based on atoms and atom-like semiconductor spins. In this thesis, I present new approaches to extend such optical microscopes' capabilities for advanced optical imaging and quantum control. In particular, my research focuses on innovating optical microscopy with (i) quantum reference beacons that enable optical super-resolution beyond conventional imaging depth [1], (ii) engineered microscope substrates with very-large-scale-integrated electronics for compact and scalable semiconductor spin control [2], and (iii) high-throughput coherent structured illumination for controlling ultracold neutral atom arrays [3]. Optical microscopy has allowed revolutionary applications from life sciences to semiconductor industries. The field of microscopy is now undergoing another revolution as it is combined with quantum technologies that open entirely new possibilities.