Natural and Artificial Intelligence: A brief introduction to the interplay between AI and neuroscience research
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1-s2.0-S0893608021003683-main.pdf
Description
Published version
Size
687.19 KB
Format
Adobe PDF
Checksum (MD5)
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Author(s)
Macpherson, Tom
Churchland, Anne
Sejnowski, Terry
DiCarlo, James
Kamitani, Yukiyasu
Takahashi, Hidehiko
Hikida, Takatoshi
Date Issued
December 2021
Journal
Neural Networks
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Citation
Macpherson, Tom, Churchland, Anne, Sejnowski, Terry, DiCarlo, James, Kamitani, Yukiyasu et al. 2021. "Natural and Artificial Intelligence: A brief introduction to the interplay between AI and neuroscience research." Neural Networks, 144.
Version
Final published version
Abstract
Neuroscience and artificial intelligence (AI) share a long history of collaboration. Advances in neuroscience, alongside huge leaps in computer processing power over the last few decades, have given rise to a new generation of in silico neural networks inspired by the architecture of the brain. These AI systems are now capable of many of the advanced perceptual and cognitive abilities of biological systems, including object recognition and decision making. Moreover, AI is now increasingly being employed as a tool for neuroscience research and is transforming our understanding of brain functions. In particular, deep learning has been used to model how convolutional layers and recurrent connections in the brain's cerebral cortex control important functions, including visual processing, memory, and motor control. Excitingly, the use of neuroscience-inspired AI also holds great promise for understanding how changes in brain networks result in psychopathologies, and could even be utilized in treatment regimes. Here we discuss recent advancements in four areas in which the relationship between neuroscience and AI has led to major advancements in the field; (1) AI models of working memory, (2) AI visual processing, (3) AI analysis of big neuroscience datasets, and (4) computational psychiatry.
MIT Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences
Terms of Use
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License
Persistent DSpace Link
DOI of Published Version
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2021.09.018
