Innovation Ecosystems in Geographically-Remote and Resource-Limited Regions with Indigenous Populations and considering Ancestral Science, Knowledge, and Practices: Intentional Development in the Pacific Islands of Hawaiʻi, Fiji, and New Zealand

Abstract

Innovation ecosystems provide a way to transform and diversify a regional economy. Much of the existing research focuses on mature economies in regions with strong foundational insti- tutions and natural resources. The research herein uses the MIT Three-S (system, stakeholder, strategy) Framework to characterize regional ecosystems that are geographically-remote and resource-limited, specifically the Hawaiian Islands, Fiji, and New Zealand. Using measure- ments of entrepreneurial and innovation capacities and, where possible, interviews of local stakeholders, opportunities and challenges for these regional innovation ecosystems are iden- tified. Attention is given to the counterpoint Indigenous peoples bring to a regional innovation ecosystem. Strategies are suggested for leveraging comparative advantages. Further research and testing is recommended to trial the effectiveness of innovation and entrepreneurship to drive the transformation of tourist economies towards diversification and becoming knowl- edge and digital economies.