Towards Implementing Modular Nuclear Reactor Systems for Developing Countries : A framework for capturing the value potential of modular nuclear reactor systems and their deployment in developing countries

Abstract

Carbon-conscious energy production is an increasingly global concern, especially as countries reckon with the effects of climate change and their respective contributions to the problem. While developing countries contribute significantly lower amounts to global carbon emissions when compared to developed countries (sometimes orders of magnitude less per capita), there is growing consensus amongst energy leaders in these countries that they need not replicate the damaging levels of carbon emission to fuel energy needs required for economic growth. Many developing countries have already established significant renewable energy programs, but there is a need to supplement this intermittent energy source with one that is more stable. Nuclear energy is widely accepted as a carbon-conscious energy source, and has allowed many developed countries to make the switch to clean energy. It presents the opportunity for developing countries to start off with carbon-conscious energy production, but the prohibitive upfront cost of nuclear power plants among other challenges means adoption remains slow and often faces significant opposition.

This study explores modular nuclear reactor systems, as a solution to the challenges of building and financing nuclear power plants in Africa, as a proxy for developing countries. The result is a framework for implementation of modular nuclear reactor systems, with considerations for cost, safety, technology and electric grid development, among other factors, all from the perspective of developing countries in Africa. Special consideration is given to communicating the value of this framework based on the interests of developing countries.