From Capture to Storage: Understanding the Viability and Challenges of Carbon Capture and Sequestration Initiatives

Abstract

This thesis explores the implementation of Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) technologies, focusing on the stages of capture, transportation, and sequestration. Utilizing a system dynamics model, the research evaluates CCS's effectiveness and economic viability across various scenarios, including those outlined by the International Energy Agency (IEA). The baseline model suggests that even under favorable assumptions, CCS permanently sequesters only a small fraction of total global emissions.

The economic analysis reveals a slight decrease in total costs, attributed to the learning curve, but offset by increasing costs as more complex projects are undertaken. The model also highlights the energy penalty associated with high energy requirements for capture. Additionally, the alignment of capacities across capture, transportation, and sequestration phases is important because discrepancies can lead to inefficiencies and bottlenecks.

This research acknowledges limitations, including the use of aggregated data and assumptions across many parameters. These limitations emphasize the need for further research to refine these estimates and enhance the model's accuracy. Despite these challenges, the model serves as a beneficial tool for testing policy interventions and assessing the potential of CCS as a component of global climate strategy.

Overall, the findings highlight the complexities and challenges of deploying CCS technologies at scale, emphasizing the importance of coordinated policy, technological innovation, and infrastructure development. This research provides a foundation for future studies and policy discussions to better understand CCS's role in achieving climate goals.

Disclosure: The following content is the author’s, and responsibility is taken for all content. Noting this, it was generated by the author with the assistance of an AI-based system to augment the effort.