Systems Engineering for Carbon Capture and Storage

Abstract

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a crucial technology in the mission to achieve NetZero carbon emissions by midcentury. By capturing and storing CO2 from large industrial sources and power plants, CCS mitigates the impact of existing industrial activities while maintaining energy security and economic stability. The study underscores the necessity of a systematic approach to CCS system design and development to meet stakeholder requirements. It highlights the versatility of CCS in addressing emissions across various sectors, its ability to be retrofitted to existing infrastructure, and its potential for immediate emissions reduction compared to the longer timelines required for integrating renewable energy sources. This study analyzes CCS systems holistically, identifying primary components and alternative options for capture, transport, storage, and utilization. It reveals that the transport type significantly impacts system utility, with pipelines being the most effective. The analysis also indicates that CCS systems capturing CO2 from power plants, ammonia, and chemical production facilities and utilizing onshore pipelines and saline aquifers offer high utility and low cost. The Gulf Coast and Permian & Midcontinent regions show better performance due to existing infrastructure and storage capacity. The study emphasizes the benefits of staged CCS development for broader deployment, technology maturation, and cost recovery. Sensitivity analyses suggest that future technology advances could further improve CCS system performance and economic viability.