Strengthening Value Chains for Developing and DeployingBatteries in the Global South

Abstract

This thesis presents an integrated assessment of the elements required to strengthen the battery industry in emerging markets. It articulates a synergistic approach to fostering resilient battery value chains that are critical for the sustainable energy transition in the Global South. The first part touches upon building a more diversified and secure raw material base is essential for robust battery value chains in developing economies. It establishes the groundwork by proposing a potential pathway to diversify the global lithium supply chain by examining the potential of lithium mining in Arkansas through stakeholder analysis and policy recommendations. The second part underscores the importance of technology adaptation and process innovation in developing cost-effective battery chemistries suitable for the distinct conditions of the Global South. This part of the thesis addresses the technological challenges in scaling up battery production, focusing on sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) as a promising alternative to lithium-ion systems. Through an innovative application of natural language processing, this analysis distills the vast landscape of SIB research to identify scalable solutions for electrode design and manufacturing. The final part of the thesis converges on the deployment aspect of batteries, scrutinizing the role of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) in three distinct emerging markets: India, South Africa, and Malawi. It offers a granular perspective on the application of BESS within varied energy landscapes, advocating for the customization of storage solutions to local market realities. This illuminates the transformative potential of BESS for enhancing grid stability and enabling renewable energy integration, thereby empowering the Global South to leapfrog to a resilient and green energy paradigm. This thesis coalesces into a comprehensive framework that underscores the multifaceted aspects of value chain enhancement—from mineral sourcing and battery chemistry innovation to end-use applications.