Architectures for a space-based information network with shared on-orbit processing

Abstract

This dissertation provides a top level assessment of technology design choices for the architecture of a space-based information network with shared on-orbit processing. Networking is an efficient method of sharing communications and lowering the cost of communications, providing better interoperability and data integration for multiple satellites. The current space communications architecture sets a critical limitation on the collection of raw data sent to the ground. By introducing powerful space-borne processing, compression of raw data can alleviate the need for expensive and expansive downlinks. Moreover, distribution of processed data directly from space sensors to the end-users may be more easily realized. A space-based information network backbone can act as the transport network for mission satellites as well as enable the concept of decoupled, shared, and perhaps distributed space-borne processing for space-based assets. Optical crosslinks are the enabling technology for creating a cost-effective network capable of supporting high data rates. In this dissertation, the space-based network backbone is designed to meet a number of mission requirements by optimizing over constellation topologies under different traffic models. With high network capacity availability, space-borne processing can be accessible by any mission satellite attached to the network. Space-borne processing capabilities can be enhanced with commercial processors that are tolerant of radiation and replenished periodically (as frequently as every two years).

(cont.) Additionally, innovative ways of using a space-based information network can revolutionize satellite communications and space missions. Applications include distributed computing in space, interoperable space communications, multiplatform distributed satellite communications, coherent distributed space sensing, multisensor data fusion, and restoration of disconnected global terrestrial networks after a disaster. Lastly, the consolidation of all the different communications assets into a horizontally integrated space-based network infrastructure calls for a space-based network backbone to be designed with a generic nature. A coherent infrastructure can satisfy the goals of interoperability, flexibility, scalability, and allows the system to be evolutionary. This transformational vision of a generic space-based information network allows for growth to accommodate civilian demands, lowers the price of entry for the commercial sector, and makes way for innovation to enhance and provide additional value to military systems.