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⁸⁷Rubidium Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices

Author(s)
Campbell, Gretchen K. (Gretchen Kathleen)
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Alternative title
⁸⁷Rb Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices
Other Contributors
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Physics.
Advisor
Wolfgang Ketterle and David E. Pritchard.
Terms of use
M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582
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Abstract
Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices have proven to be a powerful tool for studying a wide variety of physics. In this thesis a series of experiments using optical lattices to manipulate 87Rb Bose-Einstein condensates are described. A systematic shift of the photon recoil momentum due to the index of refraction of a dilute gas of atoms has been observed. The recoil frequency was measured interferometrically using a two-pulse Ramsey interferometer. The two pulses were created using a one dimensional optical lattice. By measuring the resulting frequency as a function of the lattice detuning from the atomic resonance, we found a distinctive dispersive shape for the recoil frequency that fit the recoil momentum as n,.hk. A one-dimensional optical lattice was used to modify the dispersion relation of the condensate in order to demonstrate the matter-wave analogue of Optical Parametric Generation (OPG) and Amplification (OPA) of photons. A condensate was loaded into a moving optical lattice with adjustable quasimomentum k0. As the value for k0o was varied, we observed elastic scattering into two distinct final momentum states k1 and k2.
 
(cont.) When a small fraction of atoms was first transferred to k1 before ramping on the lattice, we observed the amplification of scattered atoms into k1 and k2. The superfluid-Mott Insulator transition was studied using microwave spectroscopy in a deep three-dimensional optical lattice. Using the density dependent clock shift we were able to spectroscopically distinguish sites with different occupation numbers, and to directly image sites with occupation number from 1 to 5, revealing the shell structure of the Mott Insulator phase.
 
Description
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, February 2007.
 
Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-142).
 
Date issued
2007
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39295
Department
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Physics.
Publisher
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Keywords
Physics.

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  • Physics - Ph.D. / Sc.D.

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