Essays on supply chain contracting and tactical decisions for inter-generational product transitions

Abstract

In this dissertation, we explore problems in two areas of Supply Chain Management. The first relates to strategic supplier management. The second focuses on tactical decisions on inventory and pricing during inter-generational product transition. In many industries, manufacturing firms use multiple competing suppliers in their component or product sourcing strategy. Chapter 2 studies optimal history-dependent contracts with multiple suppliers in a dynamic, uncertain, imperfect-information environment. The results provide an optimal contract structure for the manufacture and optimal performance and effort paths for the suppliers. We compare incentives in the form of product margin and that of business volume. Our results suggest that a volume contract may increase the total profit for the supply chain, partly due to its ability to allocate higher volume to the supplier that is more likely to input high effort, and partly through relative performance evaluation. However, for two suppliers with large asymmetry, it is better to contract independently with each supplier using margin incentive, rather than forcing them into a volume race. Chapter 3 studies the inventory planning decisions in the context of a technology product transition, i.e., when a new generation product replaces an old one. High uncertainties in a new product introduction coupled with long lead-time often lead to extreme cases of demand and supply mismatches. When a company runs out of the old product, a customer may be offered the new product as a substitute. We show that the optimal substitution decision is a time-varying threshold policy and establish the optimal planning policy. Further, we determine the optimal delay in new product introduction, given the initial inventory of the old product.

(cont.) In Chapter 4, we study the optimal pricing decisions during a product transition. We restrict the new product price to be constant and formulate the dynamic pricing problem for the old product. We derive a closed-form solution for the optimal price under non-homogeneous Poisson demands. In addition, we compare three heuristic pricing policies: fixed-price, two-price, and myopic rolling-horizon policies. The results suggest that changing price once during the transition (the two-price policy) improves the profit dramatically and is near optimal.