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Computational protein design can generate proteins not found in nature that adopt desired structures and perform novel functions. Although proteins could, in theory, be designed with ab initio methods, practical success ...

CRISPR-Cas9 is a versatile RNA-guided genome editing tool. Here we demonstrate that partial replacement of RNA nucleotides with DNA nucleotides in CRISPR RNA (crRNA) enables efficient gene editing in human cells. This ...

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is important in Chinese traditional medicine where preparations of dried roots, "Huang Qin," are used for liver and lung complaints and as complementary cancer treatments. We report a ...

Most studies of T lymphocytes focus on recognition of classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or II molecules presenting oligopeptides, yet there are numerous variations and exceptions of biological ...

Modern agriculture is faced with the challenge of feeding a rapidly growing population.While crop yields have risen dramatically since the beginning of the twentieth century, increasing demand for foodthreatens to outstrip ...

The 7-deazapurine derivatives, 2′-deoxy-7-cyano-7-deazaguanosine (dPreQ0) and 2′-deoxy-7-amido-7-deazaguanosine (dADG) are recently discovered DNA modifications encoded by the dpd cluster found in a diverse set of bacteria. ...

Cells interacting through an extracellular matrix (ECM) exhibit emergent behaviors resulting from collective intercellular interaction. In wound healing and tissue development, characteristic compaction of ECM gel is induced ...

Cell membranes must adapt to different environments. In Gram-negative bacteria, the inner membrane can be remodeled directly by modification of lipids embedded in the bilayer. For example, when Escherichia coli enters ...

The mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM)–a complex, 3D, fibrillar scaffold of cells in physiological environments–modulate cell behavior and can drive tissue morphogenesis, regeneration, and disease ...

Transition toward peptide mimetics of reduced size is an important objective of peptide macrocyclization. We have previously shown that PLH∗SpT (2a) (where H∗ indicates the presence of a –(CH2)8Ph group at the N(π) position ...