Functionalization and applications of carbon nanotubes

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess a unique set of electrical and mechanical properties and have been used in a variety of applications. In this thesis, we explore strategies to functionalize CNTs as well as applications which are enabled by functionalized CNTs. Chapter 1 gives an overview of emerging applications of CNTs. In Chapter 2, we describe a route that leads to highly water-soluble multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs). The good solubility facilitates processing and manipulation of the CNTs. Furthermore, we explore the use of soluble MWCNTs as electrical interconnects in water. Using a Wacker type oxidation reaction, we demonstrate that this type of CNTs can have a positive effect on reactions that involve a metal to metal electron transfer. In Chapter 3, we explore catalytic aziridination reactions to functionalize CNTs as well as [60]fullerene and graphite. In Chapter 4, we use amine functionalized single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) to attach receptors for gas sensing applications. We optimize the receptors and test the functionalized SWCNTs in an array sensor with regard to sensitivity, selectivity, stability and reproducibility. In Chapter 5, we demonstrate a highly selective sensor for N-methylammonium salts based on SWCNTs that are functionalized with a cavitand. In Chapter 6, we describe a sensor for the plant hormone ethylene. The sensor is based on SWCNTs that are non-covalently functionalized with a copper complex. The device shows good sensitivity and selectivity for ethylene and could be useful in the horticultural industries.