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Controls on earthquake rupture and triggering mechanisms in subduction zones
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010)
Large earthquake rupture and triggering mechanisms that drive seismicity in subduction zones are investigated in this thesis using a combination of earthquake observations, statistical and physical modeling. A comparison ...
Temporal variability in chemical cycling of the subterranean estuary and associated chemical loading to the coastal ocean
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014)
At the land-ocean interface, terrestrial groundwater interacts with seawater to form a subterranean estuary, which can play host to dynamic biogeochemical cycling of nutrients, trace metals and radionuclides. This chemically ...
An investigation of basin-scale controls on upper ocean export and remineralization
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018)
The biological carbon pump (BCP) helps to moderate atmospheric carbon dioxide levels by bringing carbon to the deep ocean, where it can be sequestered on timescales of centuries to millennia. Climate change is predicted ...
Influence of meltwater on Greenland Ice Sheet dynamics
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017)
Seasonal fluxes of meltwater control ice-flow processes across the Greenland Ice Sheet ablation zone and subglacial discharge at marine-terminating outlet glaciers. With the increase in annual ice sheet meltwater production ...
Evolution of Anthropogenic Pb and Pb isotopes in the deep North Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013)
Pb and Pb isotopes in the ocean have varied on decadal to centennial time scales due to anthropogenic Pb inputs. Thus, tracing the temporal variation of Pb and Pb isotopes in the ocean provides information on the major ...
Ecosystem metabolism in salt marsh tidal creeks and ponds : applying triple oxygen isotopes and other gas tracers to novel environments
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017)
Salt marshes are physically, chemically, and biologically dynamic environments found globally at temperate latitudes. Tidal creeks and marshtop ponds may expand at the expense of productive grass-covered marsh platform. ...
Geophysical and petrological constraints on ocean plate dynamics
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017)
This thesis investigates the formation and subsequent motion of oceanic lithospheric plates through geophysical and petrological methods. Ocean crust and lithosphere forms at mid-ocean ridges as the underlying asthenosphere ...
Coral calcification : insights from inorganic experiments and coral responses to environmental variables
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010)
The mechanisms involved in the formation of coral skeletons are examined using a laboratory model for coral calcification and the growth of living corals under different environmental conditions. Abiogenic aragonite was ...
Comprehensive study of a heavy fuel oil spill : modeling and analytical approaches to understanding environmental weathering
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012)
Driven by increasingly heavy oil reserves and more efficient refining technologies, use of heavy fuel oils for power generation is rising. Unlike other refined products and crude oils, a large portion of these heavy oils ...
Evolution of oceanic margins : rifting in the Gulf of California and sediment diapirism and mantle hydration during subduction
(Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013)
This thesis investigates three processes that control the evolution of oceanic margins. Chapter 2 presents seismic images of a ~2-km-thick evaporite body in Guaymas Basin, central Gulf of California. In rifts, evaporites ...