Analog integrated photonics

Abstract

Silicon photonics promises to revolutionize the field of optics by allowing for cheap, compact, low-power and low-noise optical systems on chip. In the past decade and a half, the basic functionality and acceptable performance of many individual integrated photonic components have been demonstrated, particularly in the digital regime. However, there are several challenges remaining before these advances can truly be exploited to create large-scale, commercial, analog integrated photonic systems. In this thesis, we address three of these challenges: (1) managing photonic layout and design of large-scale, complex systems jointly with CMOS driving circuitry, (2) integrating analog optical components in silicon, and (3) integrating photonic light sources in silicon. First, we present a comprehensive VerilogA modeling toolkit for the simulation of large, joint photonic plus CMOS systems as part of the creation of a full photonic process design kit (PDK) and demonstrate its use. Other smaller contributions to the PDK and process are also described. Next, we describe the development of two modulators meant for analog applications: an integrated, linearized Mach-Zehnder modulator and an integrated single-sideband modulator, both of which are measured to have impressive performance. Then, we discuss the development of an integrated mode-locked laser to serve as an on-chip light source for precision, low-noise optical applications. Finally, we describe preliminary work toward creating fully integrated analog systems, with the ultimate aim of demonstrating a compact, low-noise microwave oscillator.