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Akintunde I. Akinwande. Patterson. Alex A. (Alex Andrew) Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 2018-05-23T15:05:58Z 2018-05-23T15:05:58Z 2018 2018 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115640 1036987680 Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018. This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections. Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 253-271). While experimentalists have succeeded in fabricating nanoscale field electron emitters in a variety of geometries and materials for use as electron sources in vacuum nanoelectronic devices, theory and modeling of field electron emission have not kept pace. Treatments of field emission which address individual deviations of real emitter properties from conventional Fowler-Nordheim (FN) theory, such as emission from semiconductors, highly-curved surfaces, or low-dimensional systems, have been developed, but none have sought to treat these properties coherently within a single framework. As a result, the work in this thesis develops a multidimensional, semiclassical framework for field emission, from which models for field emitters of any dimensionality, geometry, and material can be derived. The effects of quantum confinement and emitter tip geometry on the properties of emission were investigated by utilizing the framework to derive models for: i) a highly-curved, nanoscale, metal emitter tip; ii) a bulk silicon emitter with a surface quantum well formed due to electric field penetration and a mechanism that limits the maximum conduction band emitted current density (ECD) to the bulk flux density supply; and iii) a cylindrical silicon nanowire emitter. Results from a highly-curved, nanoscale, metal emitter tip reveal that despite signicant electron supply reductions as a result of quantum confinement, the emitted current density (ECD) increases as the emitter radius decreases due to the effects of electric field enhancement. Additionally, emitters with radii smaller than 5 nm exhibit a narrow total energy distribution and highly non-linear FN plots. Consistent with experimental observations, the saturation of the conduction band ECD in silicon emitters leads to the appearance of three distinct regions in FN plots, which signify conduction-band-dominated, valence-band-dominated, and transitional regimes of emission. Confinement of electrons to a nanowire emitter geometry further reduces the electron supply available for emission and, consequently, the conduction band saturation ECD. Overall, findings show that the dimensionality, geometry, and material of field emitters all play a critical role in field emission processes at the nanoscale. Accordingly, the semiclassical framework for field emission is intended to form a solid foundation upon which more complete models of emission can be developed. by Alex Andrew Patterson. Ph.D. 284 pages eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Theory and modeling of field electron emission from low-dimensional electron systems Thesis application/pdf false Publication unknown unknown <Publication xmlns="https://www.openaire.eu/cerif-profile/1.1/" id="affeffce-85ad-4006-8d53-423d5e72b025"> <Type xmlns="https://www.openaire.eu/cerif-profile/vocab/COAR_Publication_Types">http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_1843</Type> <Language>eng</Language> <Title>Theory and modeling of field electron emission from low-dimensional electron systems</Title> <PublishedIn> <Publication> </Publication> </PublishedIn> <PublicationDate>2018</PublicationDate> <Authors> <Author> <DisplayName>Patterson. Alex A. (Alex Andrew)</DisplayName> <Affiliation> <OrgUnit> </OrgUnit> </Affiliation> </Author> </Authors> <Editors> </Editors> <Publishers> <Publisher> <DisplayName>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</DisplayName> <OrgUnit /> </Publisher> </Publishers> <License>http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582</License> <Keyword>Electrical Engineering and Computer Science.</Keyword> <Abstract>While experimentalists have succeeded in fabricating nanoscale field electron emitters in a variety of geometries and materials for use as electron sources in vacuum nanoelectronic devices, theory and modeling of field electron emission have not kept pace. Treatments of field emission which address individual deviations of real emitter properties from conventional Fowler-Nordheim (FN) theory, such as emission from semiconductors, highly-curved surfaces, or low-dimensional systems, have been developed, but none have sought to treat these properties coherently within a single framework. As a result, the work in this thesis develops a multidimensional, semiclassical framework for field emission, from which models for field emitters of any dimensionality, geometry, and material can be derived. The effects of quantum confinement and emitter tip geometry on the properties of emission were investigated by utilizing the framework to derive models for: i) a highly-curved, nanoscale, metal emitter tip; ii) a bulk silicon emitter with a surface quantum well formed due to electric field penetration and a mechanism that limits the maximum conduction band emitted current density (ECD) to the bulk flux density supply; and iii) a cylindrical silicon nanowire emitter. Results from a highly-curved, nanoscale, metal emitter tip reveal that despite signicant electron supply reductions as a result of quantum confinement, the emitted current density (ECD) increases as the emitter radius decreases due to the effects of electric field enhancement. Additionally, emitters with radii smaller than 5 nm exhibit a narrow total energy distribution and highly non-linear FN plots. Consistent with experimental observations, the saturation of the conduction band ECD in silicon emitters leads to the appearance of three distinct regions in FN plots, which signify conduction-band-dominated, valence-band-dominated, and transitional regimes of emission. Confinement of electrons to a nanowire emitter geometry further reduces the electron supply available for emission and, consequently, the conduction band saturation ECD. Overall, findings show that the dimensionality, geometry, and material of field emitters all play a critical role in field emission processes at the nanoscale. Accordingly, the semiclassical framework for field emission is intended to form a solid foundation upon which more complete models of emission can be developed.</Abstract> <Access xmlns="http://purl.org/coar/access_right" > </Access> </Publication>