<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-09-19T21:37:17Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/117808" metadataPrefix="dim">https://dspace.mit.edu/server/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/117808</identifier><datestamp>2026-06-17T14:46:46Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_1721.1_7582</setSpec><setSpec>com_1721.1_7581</setSpec><setSpec>col_1721.1_131022</setSpec></header><metadata><dim:dim xmlns:dim="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim http://www.dspace.org/schema/dim.xsd">
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="advisor" lang="en_US">Benjamin A. Olken and Esther Duflo.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="author" lang="en_US">Kreindler, Gabriel E. (Gabriel Emanuel)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="other" lang="en_US">Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Economics.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="department">Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Economics</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="accessioned">2018-09-17T14:50:30Z</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="available">2018-09-17T14:50:30Z</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="copyright" lang="en_US">2018</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="issued" lang="en_US">2018</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="uri">http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117808</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="oclc" lang="en_US">1051459227</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_US">Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics, 2018.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_US">This electronic version was submitted by the student author.  The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_US">Cataloged student-submitted from PDF version of thesis.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_US">Includes bibliographical references (pages 147-154).</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="abstract" lang="en_US">This thesis includes three papers exploring urban traffic congestion and the interplay between urban commuting and economic activity in developing countries. The first paper studies the impact of peak-hour road congestion pricing on commuter welfare, using a field experiment and GPS-based data collection in Bangalore, India. Commuters value time spent commuting highly and are moderately flexible to change departure time. However, welfare gains from optimal congestion pricing are predicted to be low, due primarily to a small road traffic externality. The second paper studies the impact of a high occupancy vehicle (HOV) policy in Jakarta, Indonesia, on road traffic congestion measured using data from Google Maps. The lifting of the "3-in-1" policy led to large increases in traffic congestion throughout the city. The third paper uses cell phone transaction data in Colombo, Sri Lanka and Dhaka, Bangladesh, to construct and validate detailed urban commuting flows, and to then infer urban locations with high labor productivity.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="statementofresponsibility" lang="en_US">by Gabriel E. Kreindler.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="degree" lang="en_US">Ph.D.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="format" qualifier="extent" lang="en_US">154 pages</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="language" qualifier="iso" lang="en_US">eng</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="publisher" lang="en_US">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="rights" lang="en_US">MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="rights" qualifier="uri" lang="en_US">http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_US">Economics.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="title" lang="en_US">Essays on the economics of urban transportation</dim:field>
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   	&lt;Title>Essays on the economics of urban transportation&lt;/Title>
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   	&lt;PublicationDate>2018&lt;/PublicationDate>
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   	&lt;Abstract>This thesis includes three papers exploring urban traffic congestion and the interplay between urban commuting and economic activity in developing countries. The first paper studies the impact of peak-hour road congestion pricing on commuter welfare, using a field experiment and GPS-based data collection in Bangalore, India. Commuters value time spent commuting highly and are moderately flexible to change departure time. However, welfare gains from optimal congestion pricing are predicted to be low, due primarily to a small road traffic externality. The second paper studies the impact of a high occupancy vehicle (HOV) policy in Jakarta, Indonesia, on road traffic congestion measured using data from Google Maps. The lifting of the &amp;quot;3-in-1&amp;quot; policy led to large increases in traffic congestion throughout the city. The third paper uses cell phone transaction data in Colombo, Sri Lanka and Dhaka, Bangladesh, to construct and validate detailed urban commuting flows, and to then infer urban locations with high labor productivity.&lt;/Abstract>
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