<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-09-20T11:16:18Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/123569" metadataPrefix="dim">https://dspace.mit.edu/server/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/123569</identifier><datestamp>2026-06-06T01:04:43Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_1721.1_7582</setSpec><setSpec>com_1721.1_7581</setSpec><setSpec>col_1721.1_131023</setSpec></header><metadata><dim:dim xmlns:dim="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim http://www.dspace.org/schema/dim.xsd">
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="advisor" lang="en_US">Hui Chen.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="advisor" lang="en_US">Hui Chen.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="author" lang="en_US">Ramesh, Dhruv.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="other" lang="en_US">Sloan School of Management. Master of Finance Program.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="department" lang="en_US">Sloan School of Management. Master of Finance Program</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="department">Sloan School of Management</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="accessioned">2020-01-23T16:57:07Z</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="available">2020-01-23T16:57:07Z</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="copyright" lang="en_US">2019</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="issued" lang="en_US">2019</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="uri">https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123569</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="oclc" lang="en_US">1135760055</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_US">Thesis: M. Fin., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Master of Finance Program, 2019</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_US">Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_US">Includes bibliographical references (page 55).</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="abstract" lang="en_US">I estimate the out-of-sample performance of the equal weight, minimum variance and mean-variance model portfolios in different settings. In each setting, I vary the loss function used when estimating returns and covariances, length of the estimation window, and number of factors used in our estimation model. I find that when measuring performance by Sharpe ratio, choice of loss function strongly influences whether the mean-variance model portfolio outperforms the equal weight or minimum variance portfolio, and that the optimal loss function depends on the length of the estimation window and the dimension of the return model. It appears that we don't gain much by using more factors. The 3-factor model does a pretty good job based on Sharpe ratio, and the results are consistently the best for MVO(10). With more factors, it seems clear that we need longer estimation windows, but even then we do not gain anything in terms of Sharpe Ratio. However, when measuring performance by the certainty-equivalent return, I find that the mean-variance model portfolio does not outperform the minimum variance portfolio or the equal weight portfolio in any setting. This suggests that choosing a loss function carefully is imperative to managing estimation errors and that an investor's utility preferences and attitude towards risk should be taken into account when choosing a measure of performance.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="statementofresponsibility" lang="en_US">by Dhruv Ramesh.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="degree" lang="en_US">M.Fin.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="collection" lang="en_US">M.Fin. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Master of Finance Program</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="format" qualifier="extent" lang="en_US">55 pages ;</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="language" qualifier="iso" lang="en_US">eng</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="publisher" lang="en_US">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="rights" lang="en_US">MIT theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed, downloaded, or printed from this source but further reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="rights" qualifier="uri" lang="en_US">http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_US">Sloan School of Management. Master of Finance Program.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="title" lang="en_US">Optimal versus naive diversification : do different loss functions improve portfolio choice?</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="title" qualifier="alternative" lang="en_US">Optimal vs. naive diversification : do different loss functions improve portfolio choice?</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="title" qualifier="alternative" lang="en_US">Do different loss functions improve portfolio choice?</dim:field>
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	&lt;Language>eng&lt;/Language>
   	&lt;Title>Optimal versus naive diversification : do different loss functions improve portfolio choice?&lt;/Title>
   	&lt;Subtitle>Optimal vs. naive diversification : do different loss functions improve portfolio choice?&lt;/Subtitle>
   	&lt;Subtitle>Do different loss functions improve portfolio choice?&lt;/Subtitle>
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   	&lt;PublicationDate>2019&lt;/PublicationDate>
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        	&lt;DisplayName>Ramesh, Dhruv.&lt;/DisplayName>
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    &lt;Keyword>Sloan School of Management. Master of Finance Program.&lt;/Keyword>
   	&lt;Abstract>I estimate the out-of-sample performance of the equal weight, minimum variance and mean-variance model portfolios in different settings. In each setting, I vary the loss function used when estimating returns and covariances, length of the estimation window, and number of factors used in our estimation model. I find that when measuring performance by Sharpe ratio, choice of loss function strongly influences whether the mean-variance model portfolio outperforms the equal weight or minimum variance portfolio, and that the optimal loss function depends on the length of the estimation window and the dimension of the return model. It appears that we don&amp;apos;t gain much by using more factors. The 3-factor model does a pretty good job based on Sharpe ratio, and the results are consistently the best for MVO(10). With more factors, it seems clear that we need longer estimation windows, but even then we do not gain anything in terms of Sharpe Ratio. However, when measuring performance by the certainty-equivalent return, I find that the mean-variance model portfolio does not outperform the minimum variance portfolio or the equal weight portfolio in any setting. This suggests that choosing a loss function carefully is imperative to managing estimation errors and that an investor&amp;apos;s utility preferences and attitude towards risk should be taken into account when choosing a measure of performance.&lt;/Abstract>
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