2026-09-18T20:29:33Zhttps://dspace.mit.edu/server/oai/requestoai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/1432622022-06-16T03:45:11Zcom_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_131022
Lee, Hakho
Degani, Ismail
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
2022-06-15T13:08:04Z
2022-06-15T13:08:04Z
2022-02
2022-03-04T20:47:54.068Z
https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/143262
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6210-1200
An effective way to combat cancer and infectious disease in resource-poor settings is to implement rapid and accurate diagnostic tests that can be administered at the point of care (POC). Developing such miniaturized, portable, and low-cost systems requires innovative approaches in both assay and device design. In this thesis, we construct a novel phase-sensitive "lock-in" amplifier (LIA) based on the Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform (FWHT), and evaluate its ability to boost the signal-to-noise ratio of optical fluorescence signals. The LIA is designed to be resilient in challenging environments containing high/unpredictable ambient noise. We then develop two rapid diagnostic systems that pair this technology with isothermal CRISPR-Cas12a-based DNA/RNA amplification to detect clinically relevant targets with high specificity. Finally, we evaluate the clinical performance of our systems in detecting target genes for (1) SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), the causal agent of cervical cancer.
Ph.D.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
In Copyright - Educational Use Permitted
Copyright MIT
http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-EDU/1.0/
Signal Processing Techniques Applied to Biomedical Diagnostics
Thesis
application/pdf
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
Publication
unknown
unknown
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<Abstract>An effective way to combat cancer and infectious disease in resource-poor settings is to implement rapid and accurate diagnostic tests that can be administered at the point of care (POC). Developing such miniaturized, portable, and low-cost systems requires innovative approaches in both assay and device design. In this thesis, we construct a novel phase-sensitive "lock-in" amplifier (LIA) based on the Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform (FWHT), and evaluate its ability to boost the signal-to-noise ratio of optical fluorescence signals. The LIA is designed to be resilient in challenging environments containing high/unpredictable ambient noise. We then develop two rapid diagnostic systems that pair this technology with isothermal CRISPR-Cas12a-based DNA/RNA amplification to detect clinically relevant targets with high specificity. Finally, we evaluate the clinical performance of our systems in detecting target genes for (1) SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), the causal agent of cervical cancer.</Abstract>
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