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Peter K. Sorger. Tytell, Jessica Dawn Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Biology. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology 2008-02-28T16:21:39Z 2008-02-28T16:21:39Z 2006 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34191 69651814 Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2006. "February 2006." Includes bibliographical references. Kinetochores are large, multi-protein complexes that bind centromeric DNA to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle and mediate chromosome movement throughout the cell cycle. The proteins that regulate both force generation at kinetochores as well as and the cell-cycle-dependent changes in kinetochore architecture are largely unknown. The relative simplicity of centromere specification and kinetochore-microtubule attachment make Saccharomyces cerevisiae an attractive model organism for investigations into kinetochore-microtubule attachment and regulation. We used a combination of cell biology and biochemistry to study the roles of the four nuclear kinesin motor proteins at budding yeast kinetochores. We discovered that each of the four nuclear kinesins localizes to kinetochores. Three of these, Cin8p, Kip1p, and Kip3p are present at mature chromosome-microtubule attachments in metaphase. Cin8p and Kip1p align metaphase chromosomes into the characteristic bilobed configuration that is analogous to the metaphase plate in higher eukaryotes. Kip3p regulates microtubule dynamics throughout the cell cycle and regulates poleward movement during anaphase. Kar3p, the final nuclear kinesin, is recruited specifically to detached kinetochores. (cont.) In addition, we have discovered that kinetochore-microtubule attachments alter during the cell cycle indicating that kinetochore function is temporally regulated. by Jessica Dawn Tytell. Ph.D. 127 leaves eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 Biology. Regulation of chromosome attachment and dynamics by Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinetochores Thesis application/pdf Publication unknown unknown <Publication xmlns="https://www.openaire.eu/cerif-profile/1.1/" id="7acdcff3-8d9d-473f-8335-3c682ef5daf1"> <Type xmlns="https://www.openaire.eu/cerif-profile/vocab/COAR_Publication_Types">http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_1843</Type> <Language>eng</Language> <Title>Regulation of chromosome attachment and dynamics by Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinetochores</Title> <PublishedIn> <Publication> </Publication> </PublishedIn> <PublicationDate>2006</PublicationDate> <Authors> <Author> <DisplayName>Tytell, Jessica Dawn</DisplayName> <Affiliation> <OrgUnit> </OrgUnit> </Affiliation> </Author> </Authors> <Editors> </Editors> <Publishers> <Publisher> <DisplayName>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</DisplayName> <OrgUnit /> </Publisher> </Publishers> <License>http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582</License> <Keyword>Biology.</Keyword> <Abstract>Kinetochores are large, multi-protein complexes that bind centromeric DNA to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle and mediate chromosome movement throughout the cell cycle. The proteins that regulate both force generation at kinetochores as well as and the cell-cycle-dependent changes in kinetochore architecture are largely unknown. The relative simplicity of centromere specification and kinetochore-microtubule attachment make Saccharomyces cerevisiae an attractive model organism for investigations into kinetochore-microtubule attachment and regulation. We used a combination of cell biology and biochemistry to study the roles of the four nuclear kinesin motor proteins at budding yeast kinetochores. We discovered that each of the four nuclear kinesins localizes to kinetochores. Three of these, Cin8p, Kip1p, and Kip3p are present at mature chromosome-microtubule attachments in metaphase. Cin8p and Kip1p align metaphase chromosomes into the characteristic bilobed configuration that is analogous to the metaphase plate in higher eukaryotes. Kip3p regulates microtubule dynamics throughout the cell cycle and regulates poleward movement during anaphase. Kar3p, the final nuclear kinesin, is recruited specifically to detached kinetochores.</Abstract> <Abstract>(cont.) In addition, we have discovered that kinetochore-microtubule attachments alter during the cell cycle indicating that kinetochore function is temporally regulated.</Abstract> <Access xmlns="http://purl.org/coar/access_right" > </Access> </Publication>