2026-09-20T17:51:52Zhttps://dspace.mit.edu/server/oai/request

oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/409562022-01-13T07:54:15Zcom_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_131022

Angelika Amon. Kiburz, Brendan Meredith Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Biology. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology 2008-03-27T18:28:33Z 2008-03-27T18:28:33Z 2007 2007 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40956 212908052 Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Faithful chromosome segregation is crucial to the well being of organisms. In mitosis, the partitioning of chromosomes to daughter cells is monitored at many levels to ensure that identical genomic information is received. Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division during which two division phases follow replication of the genome. Several steps are taken in meiosis to allow for a unique pattern of chromosome segregation. Homologous chromosomes segregate during the first division and sister chromatids segregate during the second. Cohesins, protein complexes that associate along the length of chromosomes during DNA replication, are lost in a step-wise manner in meiosis. During the first division, cohesins are lost only along chromosome arms. Cohesins remain at centromeres during meiosis II and are required to establish proper orientation of sister chromatid kinetochores. Shugoshin (Sgo1) is a protein related to D. melanogaster Mei-S332 that is crucial for the protection of centromeric cohesins from cleavage until anaphase II of meiosis. Here we show that in S. cerevisiae cohesins are protected from cleavage during meiosis I in a 50 kb region of chromosomes and Sgo1 localizes to cohesin-associated regions within this region. Interestingly, there is no sequence specificity to the region of Sgo1 association. Instead, it is the proximity of this region to the centromere that causes enhanced cohesin and Sgol localization. We also characterize a role for Sgo1 in chromosome segregation that is independent of its role in cohesin regulation. Sgo1 helps ensure that kinetochores are oriented correctly in both mitosis and meiosis and is required to prevent chromosome segregation errors and spindle elongation in the absence of cohesin cleavage. (cont.,) Finally, our data suggest a possible role for Sgo1 in biasing sister kinetochores toward bi-orientation during the mitotic divisions. Thus, Sgol is a centromeric protein with a cell cycle role that includes both regulations of cohesins and kinetochore orientation. by Brendan Meredith Kiburz. Ph.D. 266 leaves eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology M.I.T. theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 Biology. Insights into Shugoshin localization and function in S. cerevisiae chromosome segregation Insights into Sgo1 localization and function in S. cerevisiae chromosome segregation Thesis application/pdf Publication unknown unknown <Publication xmlns="https://www.openaire.eu/cerif-profile/1.1/" id="3a79718e-ff8c-452b-9114-6f90d608de95"> <Type xmlns="https://www.openaire.eu/cerif-profile/vocab/COAR_Publication_Types">http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_1843</Type> <Language>eng</Language> <Title>Insights into Shugoshin localization and function in S. cerevisiae chromosome segregation</Title> <Subtitle>Insights into Sgo1 localization and function in S. cerevisiae chromosome segregation</Subtitle> <PublishedIn> <Publication> </Publication> </PublishedIn> <PublicationDate>2007</PublicationDate> <Authors> <Author> <DisplayName>Kiburz, Brendan Meredith</DisplayName> <Affiliation> <OrgUnit> </OrgUnit> </Affiliation> </Author> </Authors> <Editors> </Editors> <Publishers> <Publisher> <DisplayName>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</DisplayName> <OrgUnit /> </Publisher> </Publishers> <License>http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582</License> <Keyword>Biology.</Keyword> <Abstract>Faithful chromosome segregation is crucial to the well being of organisms. In mitosis, the partitioning of chromosomes to daughter cells is monitored at many levels to ensure that identical genomic information is received. Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division during which two division phases follow replication of the genome. Several steps are taken in meiosis to allow for a unique pattern of chromosome segregation. Homologous chromosomes segregate during the first division and sister chromatids segregate during the second. Cohesins, protein complexes that associate along the length of chromosomes during DNA replication, are lost in a step-wise manner in meiosis. During the first division, cohesins are lost only along chromosome arms. Cohesins remain at centromeres during meiosis II and are required to establish proper orientation of sister chromatid kinetochores. Shugoshin (Sgo1) is a protein related to D. melanogaster Mei-S332 that is crucial for the protection of centromeric cohesins from cleavage until anaphase II of meiosis. Here we show that in S. cerevisiae cohesins are protected from cleavage during meiosis I in a 50 kb region of chromosomes and Sgo1 localizes to cohesin-associated regions within this region. Interestingly, there is no sequence specificity to the region of Sgo1 association. Instead, it is the proximity of this region to the centromere that causes enhanced cohesin and Sgol localization. We also characterize a role for Sgo1 in chromosome segregation that is independent of its role in cohesin regulation. Sgo1 helps ensure that kinetochores are oriented correctly in both mitosis and meiosis and is required to prevent chromosome segregation errors and spindle elongation in the absence of cohesin cleavage.</Abstract> <Abstract>(cont.,) Finally, our data suggest a possible role for Sgo1 in biasing sister kinetochores toward bi-orientation during the mitotic divisions. Thus, Sgol is a centromeric protein with a cell cycle role that includes both regulations of cohesins and kinetochore orientation.</Abstract> <Access xmlns="http://purl.org/coar/access_right" > </Access> </Publication>