2026-09-19T20:55:00Zhttps://dspace.mit.edu/server/oai/requestoai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/438872022-01-13T07:54:23Zcom_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_131023
Susan Murcott.
Fitzpatrick, Daniel Cash
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
f-gh---
2008-12-11T18:45:57Z
2008-12-11T18:45:57Z
2008
2008
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43887
263685175
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-89).
Although chlorine is one of the lowest cost ways of providing disinfection, currently billions of people lack drinking water that has had this simple treatment. Arch Chemical's Pulsar 1 unit is an innovation in chlorine dosing in that it is a gravity-fed system which does not require electricity while providing relatively accurate dosing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the technical feasibility of the Pulsar 1 unit using high-test hypochlorite (HTH) as a viable chlorination option for community-scale drinking water disinfection in Northern Region, Ghana. In addition, this study compares the Pulsar 1 unit to the household treatment of the Kosim filter plus Aquatabs. The Kosim filter is a pot-shaped Potters for Peace-type ceramic water available in Northern Ghana, while Aquatabs are an alternate chlorine product comprised of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC). A pilot study done in Mali in 2005 by EAU Lambda showed the Pulsar's potential to correctly dose a piped water supply with a flow rate of approximately 42 gpm (9.6 m3/hr). The present pilot study has evaluated the Pulsar system in Ghana and Cambridge, MA at flow rates of 18 gpm (4.1 m3/hr) and 9 gpm (2.0 m3/hr), respectively. This was challenging because the Pulsar was designed for swimming pool applications and thus chlorinated at levels higher than appropriate drinking water. As a result, several modifications were made to lower the chlorine concentrations from the Pulsar system into the appropriate drinking water range. Both the Pulsar 1 and Aquatabs systems were found to be technically feasible. The main two advantages of using the Pulsar system over Aquatabs are the vastly reduced operational costs (in $/m3) of disinfection treatment (about 48 times cheaper) and its ability to reach an entire community (compared to just a single household).
(cont.) However, these benefits are gained as a tradeoff for increased system complexity and higher capital costs. Overall there is no "single best option", which means site-specific circumstances should dictate the appropriate technology.
by Daniel Cash Fitzpatrick.
M.Eng.
124 p.
eng
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
M.I.T. theses are protected by
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http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582
Civil and Environmental Engineering.
Efficacy of gravity-fed chlorination system for community-scale water disinfection in northern Ghana
Thesis
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<Abstract>Although chlorine is one of the lowest cost ways of providing disinfection, currently billions of people lack drinking water that has had this simple treatment. Arch Chemical's Pulsar 1 unit is an innovation in chlorine dosing in that it is a gravity-fed system which does not require electricity while providing relatively accurate dosing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the technical feasibility of the Pulsar 1 unit using high-test hypochlorite (HTH) as a viable chlorination option for community-scale drinking water disinfection in Northern Region, Ghana. In addition, this study compares the Pulsar 1 unit to the household treatment of the Kosim filter plus Aquatabs. The Kosim filter is a pot-shaped Potters for Peace-type ceramic water available in Northern Ghana, while Aquatabs are an alternate chlorine product comprised of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC). A pilot study done in Mali in 2005 by EAU Lambda showed the Pulsar's potential to correctly dose a piped water supply with a flow rate of approximately 42 gpm (9.6 m3/hr). The present pilot study has evaluated the Pulsar system in Ghana and Cambridge, MA at flow rates of 18 gpm (4.1 m3/hr) and 9 gpm (2.0 m3/hr), respectively. This was challenging because the Pulsar was designed for swimming pool applications and thus chlorinated at levels higher than appropriate drinking water. As a result, several modifications were made to lower the chlorine concentrations from the Pulsar system into the appropriate drinking water range. Both the Pulsar 1 and Aquatabs systems were found to be technically feasible. The main two advantages of using the Pulsar system over Aquatabs are the vastly reduced operational costs (in $/m3) of disinfection treatment (about 48 times cheaper) and its ability to reach an entire community (compared to just a single household).</Abstract>
<Abstract>(cont.) However, these benefits are gained as a tradeoff for increased system complexity and higher capital costs. Overall there is no "single best option", which means site-specific circumstances should dictate the appropriate technology.</Abstract>
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