<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-09-20T03:09:43Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/62978" metadataPrefix="dim">https://dspace.mit.edu/server/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/62978</identifier><datestamp>2026-06-05T20:27:29Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_1721.1_7582</setSpec><setSpec>com_1721.1_7581</setSpec><setSpec>col_1721.1_131024</setSpec></header><metadata><dim:dim xmlns:dim="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim http://www.dspace.org/schema/dim.xsd">
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="advisor" lang="en_US">Lawrence Sass.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="author" lang="en_US">Whisby, Afiya A</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="other" lang="en_US">Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="department">Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Architecture</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="accessioned">2011-05-23T17:56:10Z</dim:field>
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   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="copyright" lang="en_US">2004</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="issued" lang="en_US">2005</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="uri">http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62978</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="oclc" lang="en_US">720329730</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_US">Thesis (S.B. in Architectural Design)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, February 2005.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_US">"December 2004." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_US">Includes bibliographical references.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="abstract" lang="en_US">No discussion on architecture and race would be complete without a look at the slave fortresses of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. The importation of African slaves to the Americas was the economic catalyst that subsequently catapulted America in a world superpower, and questionably into imperial leadership. Speckled along the coast of West Africa, the architecture of the slave trade is as monumental and systematically oppressive as the institution it sustained. Due to the rise in prison privatization and the common practice of leasing prison labor to corporations while paying the offenders a menial fee, the American prison industry is operating more and more like slave fortresses. Spatially, the spaces are particularly similar in the areas of exterior formal qualities and parallel evolution of urban planning.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="statementofresponsibility" lang="en_US">by Afiya A. Whisby.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="degree" lang="en_US">S.B. in Architectural Design</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="format" qualifier="extent" lang="en_US">22 p.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="language" qualifier="iso" lang="en_US">eng</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="publisher" lang="en_US">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="rights" lang="en_US">M.I.T. theses are protected by 
copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but 
reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written 
permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="rights" qualifier="uri" lang="en_US">http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_US">Architecture.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="title" lang="en_US">Architecture of oppression : slave fortresses and their relevance to contemporary American urban prison architecture</dim:field>
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   	&lt;Title>Architecture of oppression : slave fortresses and their relevance to contemporary American urban prison architecture&lt;/Title>
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   	&lt;PublicationDate>2005&lt;/PublicationDate>
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   	&lt;Abstract>No discussion on architecture and race would be complete without a look at the slave fortresses of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. The importation of African slaves to the Americas was the economic catalyst that subsequently catapulted America in a world superpower, and questionably into imperial leadership. Speckled along the coast of West Africa, the architecture of the slave trade is as monumental and systematically oppressive as the institution it sustained. Due to the rise in prison privatization and the common practice of leasing prison labor to corporations while paying the offenders a menial fee, the American prison industry is operating more and more like slave fortresses. Spatially, the spaces are particularly similar in the areas of exterior formal qualities and parallel evolution of urban planning.&lt;/Abstract>
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