<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-09-18T19:00:38Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/68449" metadataPrefix="dim">https://dspace.mit.edu/server/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/68449</identifier><datestamp>2026-06-06T01:06:16Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_1721.1_7582</setSpec><setSpec>com_1721.1_7581</setSpec><setSpec>col_1721.1_131023</setSpec></header><metadata><dim:dim xmlns:dim="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim http://www.dspace.org/schema/dim.xsd">
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="advisor" lang="en_US">Anthony J Sinskey and Scott Stern.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="author" lang="en_US">Pande, Rachna</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="other" lang="en_US">Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Technology and Policy Program.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="department">Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Engineering Systems Division</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="accessioned">2012-01-12T19:28:38Z</dim:field>
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   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="copyright" lang="en_US">2011</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="issued" lang="en_US">2011</dim:field>
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   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_US">Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2011.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_US">Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_US">Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-134).</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="abstract" lang="en_US">The biomanufacturing industry is changing due to increasing globalization. However, it is changing differently from other high tech industries like software/ semiconductor/ automobiles. In this study we use global biomanufacturing investment data, industry survey data as well as interviews with members of industry and academia to understand the extent of microbial biomanufacturing activity (total volume, number of facilities, type of facilities) and nature of biomanufacturing activity (complexity of products and processes across both mammalian and microbial production) in different regions of the world today. The study shows that traditional centers of expertise in US and EU still house most of the worlds biomanufacturing capacity. The facilities in US and EU perform a larger number of operations within their facilities and also more technically complex operations than facilities in Asia. US facilities support the most complex products (median unit operations =13) and processes (cell culture, purification) and maximum average products per facility(12.2). Asian facilities support simpler products (median unit operations =7), simpler processes (fermentation, fill/finish) and fewer products per facility on average (3.25). These results support the idea that managing technical complexity is one of the biggest challenges in biomanufacturing today and it can determine where a biologic can be manufactured. While economic forces push manufacturing of biologics to low cost locations, the need to develop expertise may prevent manufacturing from scattering across the world. Instead, there may be a more guided flow to locations with an expertise in certain types of products and processes.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="statementofresponsibility" lang="en_US">by Rachna Pande.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="degree" lang="en_US">S.M. in Technology and Policy</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="format" qualifier="extent" lang="en_US">134 p.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="language" qualifier="iso" lang="en_US">eng</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="publisher" lang="en_US">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</dim:field>
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copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but &#xd;
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permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission.</dim:field>
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   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_US">Technology and Policy Program.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="title" lang="en_US">Globalization of biopharmaceutical manufacturing</dim:field>
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   	&lt;Title>Globalization of biopharmaceutical manufacturing&lt;/Title>
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   	&lt;PublicationDate>2011&lt;/PublicationDate>
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    &lt;Keyword>Engineering Systems Division.&lt;/Keyword>
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   	&lt;Abstract>The biomanufacturing industry is changing due to increasing globalization. However, it is changing differently from other high tech industries like software/ semiconductor/ automobiles. In this study we use global biomanufacturing investment data, industry survey data as well as interviews with members of industry and academia to understand the extent of microbial biomanufacturing activity (total volume, number of facilities, type of facilities) and nature of biomanufacturing activity (complexity of products and processes across both mammalian and microbial production) in different regions of the world today. The study shows that traditional centers of expertise in US and EU still house most of the worlds biomanufacturing capacity. The facilities in US and EU perform a larger number of operations within their facilities and also more technically complex operations than facilities in Asia. US facilities support the most complex products (median unit operations =13) and processes (cell culture, purification) and maximum average products per facility(12.2). Asian facilities support simpler products (median unit operations =7), simpler processes (fermentation, fill/finish) and fewer products per facility on average (3.25). These results support the idea that managing technical complexity is one of the biggest challenges in biomanufacturing today and it can determine where a biologic can be manufactured. While economic forces push manufacturing of biologics to low cost locations, the need to develop expertise may prevent manufacturing from scattering across the world. Instead, there may be a more guided flow to locations with an expertise in certain types of products and processes.&lt;/Abstract>
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