<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-09-19T13:43:35Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/74673" metadataPrefix="dim">https://dspace.mit.edu/server/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/74673</identifier><datestamp>2022-01-13T07:54:36Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_1721.1_7582</setSpec><setSpec>com_1721.1_7581</setSpec><setSpec>col_1721.1_131023</setSpec></header><metadata><dim:dim xmlns:dim="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim http://www.dspace.org/schema/dim.xsd">
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="advisor" lang="en_US">Triantaphyllos R. Akylas.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="author" lang="en_US">Karimi, Hussain H. (Hussain Habibullah)</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="other" lang="en_US">Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="department">Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Mechanical Engineering</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="accessioned">2012-11-19T16:01:43Z</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="available">2012-11-19T16:01:43Z</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="copyright" lang="en_US">2012</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="issued" lang="en_US">2012</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="uri">http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74673</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="oclc" lang="en_US">815755157</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_US">Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_US">This electronic version was submitted by the student author.  The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_US">Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_US">Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-100).</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="abstract" lang="en_US">We study nonlinear effects in reflections of internal gravity wave beams in a continuously stratified liquid which are incident upon a uniform slope at an oblique angle. Wave motion in a stratified fluid medium is unique in the sense that the anisotropy of stratification directs energy transport in a manner specified by the frequency of the driving mechanism. Since there is no spatial variation along the direction of the flow field, plane waves are exact nonlinear solutions of the governing equations. In general, energy is carried in the form of a wave beam, which is a superposition of plane waves having parallel wavevectors. However, beams incident upon a surface interact with the re reflected beam in a locally confined region. Nonlinear interactions in the vicinity of the reflection site where the incident and reflected beams overlap act as a source for the generation of higher order harmonics. Employing small-amplitude expansions, we determine the directions of propagation and the strength of primary and second-harmonic reflected beams. The energy associated with the secondary beam during steady-state conditions is also computed. We find that in-plane reflections produce the strongest nonlinear reflections and that larger spatial variations of the incident beam profile produce stronger secondary beams.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="statementofresponsibility" lang="en_US">by Hussain H. Karimi.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="degree" lang="en_US">S.M.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="format" qualifier="extent" lang="en_US">100 p.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="language" qualifier="iso" lang="en_US">eng</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="publisher" lang="en_US">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="rights" lang="en_US">M.I.T. theses are protected by 
copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but 
reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written 
permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="rights" qualifier="uri" lang="en_US">http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_US">Mechanical Engineering.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="title" lang="en_US">Oblique reflections of internal gravity wave beams</dim:field>
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   	&lt;Title>Oblique reflections of internal gravity wave beams&lt;/Title>
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   	&lt;PublicationDate>2012&lt;/PublicationDate>
   	&lt;Authors>
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        	&lt;DisplayName>Karimi, Hussain H. (Hussain Habibullah)&lt;/DisplayName>
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            &lt;DisplayName>Massachusetts Institute of Technology&lt;/DisplayName>
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    &lt;Keyword>Mechanical Engineering.&lt;/Keyword>
   	&lt;Abstract>We study nonlinear effects in reflections of internal gravity wave beams in a continuously stratified liquid which are incident upon a uniform slope at an oblique angle. Wave motion in a stratified fluid medium is unique in the sense that the anisotropy of stratification directs energy transport in a manner specified by the frequency of the driving mechanism. Since there is no spatial variation along the direction of the flow field, plane waves are exact nonlinear solutions of the governing equations. In general, energy is carried in the form of a wave beam, which is a superposition of plane waves having parallel wavevectors. However, beams incident upon a surface interact with the re reflected beam in a locally confined region. Nonlinear interactions in the vicinity of the reflection site where the incident and reflected beams overlap act as a source for the generation of higher order harmonics. Employing small-amplitude expansions, we determine the directions of propagation and the strength of primary and second-harmonic reflected beams. The energy associated with the secondary beam during steady-state conditions is also computed. We find that in-plane reflections produce the strongest nonlinear reflections and that larger spatial variations of the incident beam profile produce stronger secondary beams.&lt;/Abstract>
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