2026-09-20T13:14:52Zhttps://dspace.mit.edu/server/oai/requestoai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/791902022-01-13T18:09:08Zcom_1721.1_7582com_1721.1_7581col_1721.1_131022
Lauren S. Mullineaux and Daniel C. McCorkle.
White, Meredith Megan
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology
2013-06-17T19:46:16Z
2013-06-17T19:46:16Z
2013
2013
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79190
844349000
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Coastal and estuarine environments experience large variability and rapid shifts in pCO₂ levels. Elevated pCO², or ocean acidification, often negatively affects early life stages of calcifying marine invertebrates, including bivalves, but it is unclear which developmental stage is most sensitive. I hypothesized that initial calcification is a critical stage during which high pCO₂ exposure has severe effects on larval growth and development of bay scallop (Argopecten irradians). Using five experiments varying the timing of exposure of embryonic and larval bay scallops to high CO₂, this thesis identifies two distinct stages of development during which exposure to high CO₂/low pH causes different effects on bay scallop larvae. I show that any exposure to high CO₂ consistently reduces survival of bay scallop larvae. I also show that high CO₂ exposure during initial calcification (12-24 h post-fertilization) results in significantly smaller shells, relative to ambient conditions, and this size decrease persists through the first week of development. High CO₂ exposure at 2-12 h post-fertilization (pre-calcification), does not impact shell size, suggesting that the CO₂ impact on size is a consequence of water chemistry during calcification. However, high CO₂ exposure prior to shell formation (2-12 h post-fertilization) causes a high incidence of larval shell deformity, regardless of CO₂ conditions during initial calcification. This impact does not occur in response to high CO₂ exposure after the 2-12 h period. The observations of two critical stages in early development has implications for both field and hatchery populations. If field populations were able to time their spawning to occur during the night, larvae would undergo initial calcification during the daytime, when CO₂ conditions are more favorable, resulting in larger veliger larvae. Hatcheries could invest minimal resources to monitor and modify water chemistry only during the first day of development to ensure larva are exposed to favorable conditions during that critical period.
by Meredith Megan White.
Ph.D.
159 p.
eng
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
M.I.T. theses are protected by
copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but
reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written
permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission.
http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582
Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering.
Biology.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Growth and development of larval bay scallops (Argopecten irradians) in response to early exposure to high CO₂
Thesis
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false
Publication
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<Abstract>Coastal and estuarine environments experience large variability and rapid shifts in pCO₂ levels. Elevated pCO², or ocean acidification, often negatively affects early life stages of calcifying marine invertebrates, including bivalves, but it is unclear which developmental stage is most sensitive. I hypothesized that initial calcification is a critical stage during which high pCO₂ exposure has severe effects on larval growth and development of bay scallop (Argopecten irradians). Using five experiments varying the timing of exposure of embryonic and larval bay scallops to high CO₂, this thesis identifies two distinct stages of development during which exposure to high CO₂/low pH causes different effects on bay scallop larvae. I show that any exposure to high CO₂ consistently reduces survival of bay scallop larvae. I also show that high CO₂ exposure during initial calcification (12-24 h post-fertilization) results in significantly smaller shells, relative to ambient conditions, and this size decrease persists through the first week of development. High CO₂ exposure at 2-12 h post-fertilization (pre-calcification), does not impact shell size, suggesting that the CO₂ impact on size is a consequence of water chemistry during calcification. However, high CO₂ exposure prior to shell formation (2-12 h post-fertilization) causes a high incidence of larval shell deformity, regardless of CO₂ conditions during initial calcification. This impact does not occur in response to high CO₂ exposure after the 2-12 h period. The observations of two critical stages in early development has implications for both field and hatchery populations. If field populations were able to time their spawning to occur during the night, larvae would undergo initial calcification during the daytime, when CO₂ conditions are more favorable, resulting in larger veliger larvae. Hatcheries could invest minimal resources to monitor and modify water chemistry only during the first day of development to ensure larva are exposed to favorable conditions during that critical period.</Abstract>
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