<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-09-18T23:14:09Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/79932" metadataPrefix="dim">https://dspace.mit.edu/server/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/79932</identifier><datestamp>2022-01-14T21:08:54Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_1721.1_7582</setSpec><setSpec>com_1721.1_7581</setSpec><setSpec>col_1721.1_131023</setSpec></header><metadata><dim:dim xmlns:dim="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.dspace.org/xmlns/dspace/dim http://www.dspace.org/schema/dim.xsd">
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="advisor" lang="en_US">Waclaw Zalewski and Robert D. Logcher.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="author" lang="en_US">Sultan, Javed</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="other" lang="en_US">Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil Engineering.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="department" lang="en_US">Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil Engineering</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="department">Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Architecture</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="contributor" qualifier="department">Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="coverage" qualifier="spatial" lang="en_US">a-pk---</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="accessioned">2013-08-22T18:39:48Z</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="available">2013-08-22T18:39:48Z</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="copyright" lang="en_US">1982</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="date" qualifier="issued" lang="en_US">1982</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="uri">http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79932</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="identifier" qualifier="oclc" lang="en_US">09046410</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_US">Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture; and, (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1982.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" lang="en_US">Includes bibliographical references (leaves 205-208).</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="abstract" lang="en_US">Housing low-income groups, who cannot afford even the most minimal shelter, remains a dominant issue in most developing countries. However, all the solutions advanced so far depend on large investments, either by the Government or by the individuals concerned, which neither of them can afford. This thesis examines squatter settlements in Aurangi, Karachi (Pakistan) and identifies issues related to housing and the policies currently being implemented. The results of that investigation indicate that housing the low-income, given the economy and housing policies in most developing countries, can most effectively be realized by encouraging self-help methods. before self-help methods. can be realized construction techniques have to be simplified. This thesis proposes an alternate construction method which promises to simplify some of the building tasks in construction of low-rise dwellings, and hopes to reduce the overall material costs in construction. This method relies on using fabrics as formwork in construction. This formwork is used in making walls, beams, and domes. A cost comparison is made with the current construction techniques in the country and the proposed building strategy is found to be highly competitive.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="statementofresponsibility" lang="en_US">by Javed Sultan.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="description" qualifier="degree" lang="en_US">M.S.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="format" qualifier="extent" lang="en_US">xi, 208 leaves</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="language" qualifier="iso" lang="en_US">eng</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="publisher" lang="en_US">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="rights" lang="en_US">M.I.T. theses are protected by &#xd;
copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but &#xd;
reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written &#xd;
permission. See provided URL for inquiries about permission.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="rights" qualifier="uri" lang="en_US">http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_US">Architecture.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" lang="en_US">Civil Engineering.</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" qualifier="lcsh" lang="en_US">Self-help housing</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="subject" qualifier="lcsh" lang="en_US">Squatter settlements Pakistan Karachi</dim:field>
   <dim:field mdschema="dc" element="title" lang="en_US">Low-income housing : alternative strategies for building construction and project control</dim:field>
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   	&lt;Title>Low-income housing : alternative strategies for building construction and project control&lt;/Title>
   	&lt;Subtitle>Alternative strategies for building construction and project control&lt;/Subtitle>
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   	&lt;PublicationDate>1982&lt;/PublicationDate>
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    &lt;Keyword>Architecture.&lt;/Keyword>
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   	&lt;Abstract>Housing low-income groups, who cannot afford even the most minimal shelter, remains a dominant issue in most developing countries. However, all the solutions advanced so far depend on large investments, either by the Government or by the individuals concerned, which neither of them can afford. This thesis examines squatter settlements in Aurangi, Karachi (Pakistan) and identifies issues related to housing and the policies currently being implemented. The results of that investigation indicate that housing the low-income, given the economy and housing policies in most developing countries, can most effectively be realized by encouraging self-help methods. before self-help methods. can be realized construction techniques have to be simplified. This thesis proposes an alternate construction method which promises to simplify some of the building tasks in construction of low-rise dwellings, and hopes to reduce the overall material costs in construction. This method relies on using fabrics as formwork in construction. This formwork is used in making walls, beams, and domes. A cost comparison is made with the current construction techniques in the country and the proposed building strategy is found to be highly competitive.&lt;/Abstract>
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