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Forest White. Lee, Nina Louise Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering 2013-10-24T17:42:24Z 2013-10-24T17:42:24Z 2013 2013 http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81674 859913651 Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biological Engineering, 2013. Title as it appears in MIT Commencement Exercises program, June 2013: Signaling network changes in high fat diet-induced insulin resistance Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-80). The goal of my research is to understand the mechanism by which high fat diets mediate insulin sensitivity and the role SirT3 plays in high fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is defined as the inability of cells and tissues to respond properly to ordinary amounts of insulin and is a precursor to many metabolic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Obesity, brought on in large part by caloric excess from high fat diet feeding, is a major contributor to insulin resistance. The recent drastic increase in the prevalence of obesity makes it imperative that steps are taken to more effectively treat and cure obesity-linked diseases such as diabetes. To identify optimal therapeutic targets, it is crucial to first gain a mechanistic understanding of obesity-induced insulin resistance, and understand how specific changes in the signaling network affect insulin sensitivity. Previous work has demonstrated that levels of SirT3, a mitochondrial protein deacetylase, are diet dependent. Additionally, SirT3 expression levels have been shown to mediate insulin and glucose tolerance in animals in a diet-dependent manner. Perturbations in SirT3 levels also alter the levels of phosphorylation on several canonical insulin signaling proteins. In my research, I further investigated the link between SirT3, diet and insulin resistance from a signaling network perspective. Using mouse liver as a model system, I analyzed liver tissue from mice fed a normal diet (insulin sensitive) or mice fed a high fat diet, thus inducing insulin resistance. Quantification of phenotypic and network events in response to insulin and utilization of computational techniques revealed activated pathways and nodes mediating insulin response, some of which had not been previously associated with the canonical insulin signaling network. I extended the study to analyze the role SirT3 plays in diet-mediated insulin sensitivity by perturbing the level of SirT3 in mice on both normal chow and high fat diets. The results of this research are useful for designing more efficacious therapies to treat insulin resistance-induced diseases. by Nina Louise Lee. S.M. 80 p. eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT theses may be protected by copyright. Please reuse MIT thesis content according to the MIT Libraries Permissions Policy, which is available through the URL provided. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582 Biological Engineering. The roles of diet and SirT3 levels in mediating signaling network changes in insulin resistance Signaling network changes in high fat diet-induced insulin resistance Thesis application/pdf false Publication unknown unknown <Publication xmlns="https://www.openaire.eu/cerif-profile/1.1/" id="d8b694b2-83c0-448c-b767-f34a23c3ef49"> <Type xmlns="https://www.openaire.eu/cerif-profile/vocab/COAR_Publication_Types">http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_1843</Type> <Language>eng</Language> <Title>The roles of diet and SirT3 levels in mediating signaling network changes in insulin resistance</Title> <Subtitle>Signaling network changes in high fat diet-induced insulin resistance</Subtitle> <PublishedIn> <Publication> </Publication> </PublishedIn> <PublicationDate>2013</PublicationDate> <Authors> <Author> <DisplayName>Lee, Nina Louise</DisplayName> <Affiliation> <OrgUnit> </OrgUnit> </Affiliation> </Author> </Authors> <Editors> </Editors> <Publishers> <Publisher> <DisplayName>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</DisplayName> <OrgUnit /> </Publisher> </Publishers> <License>http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/7582</License> <Keyword>Biological Engineering.</Keyword> <Abstract>The goal of my research is to understand the mechanism by which high fat diets mediate insulin sensitivity and the role SirT3 plays in high fat diet-induced insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is defined as the inability of cells and tissues to respond properly to ordinary amounts of insulin and is a precursor to many metabolic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Obesity, brought on in large part by caloric excess from high fat diet feeding, is a major contributor to insulin resistance. The recent drastic increase in the prevalence of obesity makes it imperative that steps are taken to more effectively treat and cure obesity-linked diseases such as diabetes. To identify optimal therapeutic targets, it is crucial to first gain a mechanistic understanding of obesity-induced insulin resistance, and understand how specific changes in the signaling network affect insulin sensitivity. Previous work has demonstrated that levels of SirT3, a mitochondrial protein deacetylase, are diet dependent. Additionally, SirT3 expression levels have been shown to mediate insulin and glucose tolerance in animals in a diet-dependent manner. Perturbations in SirT3 levels also alter the levels of phosphorylation on several canonical insulin signaling proteins. In my research, I further investigated the link between SirT3, diet and insulin resistance from a signaling network perspective. Using mouse liver as a model system, I analyzed liver tissue from mice fed a normal diet (insulin sensitive) or mice fed a high fat diet, thus inducing insulin resistance. Quantification of phenotypic and network events in response to insulin and utilization of computational techniques revealed activated pathways and nodes mediating insulin response, some of which had not been previously associated with the canonical insulin signaling network. I extended the study to analyze the role SirT3 plays in diet-mediated insulin sensitivity by perturbing the level of SirT3 in mice on both normal chow and high fat diets. The results of this research are useful for designing more efficacious therapies to treat insulin resistance-induced diseases.</Abstract> <Access xmlns="http://purl.org/coar/access_right" > </Access> </Publication>